Ratzinger's Responsibility

'Scandalous wrongs cannot be glossed over, we need a change of attitude'

Mar. 18, 2010
Hans Küng (CNS)

After Archbishop Robert Zollitsch's recent papal audience, he spoke of Pope Benedict's "great shock" and "profound agitation" over the many cases of abuse which are coming to light. Zollitsch, archbishop of Freiburg, Germany, and the chairman of the German Bishops' Conference, asked pardon of the victims and spoke again about the measures that have already been taken or will soon be taken. But neither he nor the pope have addressed the real question that can no longer be put aside.

According to the latest Emnid-poll, only 10 percent of those interviewed in Germany believe that the church is doing enough in dealing with this scandal; on the contrary, 86 percent charge the church's leadership with insufficient willingness to come to grips with the problem. The bishops' denial that there is any connection between the celibacy rule and the abuse problem can only confirm their criticism.

1st Question: Why does the pope continue to assert that what he calls "holy" celibacy is a "precious gift", thus ignoring the biblical teaching that explicitly permits and even encourages marriage for all office holders in the Church? Celibacy is not "holy"; it is not even "fortunate"; it is "unfortunate", for it excludes many perfectly good candidates from the priesthood and forces numerous priests out of their office, simply because they want to marry. The rule of celibacy is not a truth of faith, but a church law going back to the 11th Century; it should have been abolished already in the 16th Century, when it was trenchantly criticized by the Reformers.

Honesty demands that the pope, at the very least, promise to rethink this rule -- something the vast majority of the clergy and laity have wanted for a long time now. Both Alois Glück, the president of the Central Committee of the German Catholics and Hans-Jochen Jaschke, auxiliary bishop of Hamburg, have called for a less uptight attitude towards sexuality and for the coexistence of celibate and married priests in the church

2nd Question: Is it true, as Archbishop Zollitsch insists, that "all the experts" agree that abuse of minors by clergymen and the celibacy rule have nothing to do with each other? How can he claim to know the opinions of "all the experts"? In fact, there are numerous psychotherapists and psychoanalysts who see a connection here. The celibacy law obliges the priest to abstain from all forms of sexual activity, though their sexual impulses remain virulent, and thus the danger exists that these impulses might be shifted into a taboo zone and compensated for in abnormal ways.

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Honesty demands that we take the correlation between abuse and celibacy seriously. The American psychotherapist Richard Sipe has clearly demonstrated, on the basis of a 25 year study published in 2004 under the title Knowledge of sexual activity and abuse within the clerical system of the Roman Catholic church, that the celibate way of life can indeed reinforce pedophile tendencies, especially when the socialization leading to it, i.e. adolescence and young adulthood spent in minor and major seminary cut off from the normal experiences of their peer groups, is taken into account. In his study, Sipe found retarded psycho-sexual development occurring more frequently in celibate clerics than in the average population. And often, such deficits in psychological development and sexual tendencies only become evident after ordination.

3rd Question: Instead of merely asking pardon of the victims of abuse, should not the bishops at last admit their own share of blame? For decades, they have not only tabooed the celibacy issue but also systematically covered up cases of abuse with the mantle of strictest secrecy, doing little more than re-assigning the perpetrators to new ministries. In a statement of March 16, Bishop Ackermann of Trier, special delegate of the German Bischops' Conference for sexual abuse cases, publically acknowledged the existence of such a cover-up, but characteristically he put the blame not on the church as institution, but rather on the individual perpetrators and the false considerations of their superiors. Protection of their priests and the reputation of the church was evidently more important to the bishops than protection of minors. Thus, there is an important difference between the individual cases of abuse surfacing in schools outside the Catholic church and the systematic and correspondingly more frequent cases of abuse within the Catholic church, where, now as before, an uptight, rigoristic sexual morality prevails, that finds its culmination in the law of celibacy.

Honesty demands that the chairman of the German Bishops' Conference should have clearly and definitively announced, that, in the future, the hierarchy will cease to deal with cases of criminal acts committed by those in the service of the church by circumventing the state system of justice. Can it be that the hierarchy here in Germany will only wake up when it is confronted with demands for reparation payments in terms of millions of dollars? In the United States, the Catholic church had to pay some $1.3 billion alone in 2006; in Ireland, the government helped the religious orders set up a compensation fund with a ruinous sum of $2.8 billion. Such sums say much more about the dimensions of the problem than the pooh-poohing statistics about the small percentage of celibate clergy among the general population of abusers.

4th Question: Is it not time for Pope Benedict XVI himself to acknowledge his share of responsibility, instead of whining about a campaign against his person? No other person in the Church has had to deal with so many cases of abuse crossing his desk. Here some reminders:

  • In his eight years as a professor of theology in Regensburg, in close contact with his brother Georg, the capellmeister of the Regensburger Domspatzen, Ratzinger can hardly have been ignorant about what went on in the choir and its boarding--school. This was much more than an occasional slap in the face, there are charges of serious physical violence and even sexual abuse.
  • In his five years as Archbishop of Munich, repeated cases of sexual abuse at least by one priest transferred to his Archdiocese have come to light. His loyal Vicar General, my classmate Gerhard Gruber, has taken full responsibility for the handling of this case, but that is hardly an excuse for the Archbishop, who is ultimately responsible for the administration of his diocese.
  • In his 24 years as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, from around the world, all cases of grave sexual offences by clerics had to be reported, under strictest secrecy ("secretum pontificum"), to his curial office, which was exclusively responsible for dealing with them. Ratzinger himself, in a letter on "grave sexual crimes" addressed to all the bishops under the date of 18 May, 2001, warned the bishops, under threat of ecclesiastical punishment, to observe "papal secrecy" in such cases.
  • In his five years as Pope, Benedict XVI has done nothing to change this practice with all its fateful consequences.

Support independent Catholic journalism.

Support independent Catholic journalism

Honesty demands that Joseph Ratzinger himself, the man who for decades has been principally responsible for the worldwide cover-up, at last pronounce his own "mea culpa". As Bishop Tebartz van Elst of Limburg, in a radio address on March 14, put it: "Scandalous wrongs cannot be glossed over or tolerated, we need a change of attitude that makes room for the truth. Conversion and repentance begin when guilt is openly admitted, when contrition1 is expressed in deeds and manifested as such, when responsibility is taken, and the chance for a new beginning is seized upon."

[Fr. Hans Küng is a theologian and author of many books, including Does God Exist: An Answer for Today and Infallible?: An Inquiry.]

Stories in this series

I love celibacy.

I love celibacy.

I love celibacy, too, -- but

I love celibacy, too, -- but only when it is optional and not a job requirement. (Married Priests USA)

The priesthood isn't a job.

The priesthood isn't a job. It's a calling from God, a vocation.

Mandated Celibacy is Slavery.

Mandated Celibacy is Slavery. When celibacy is an illicit mandated requirement ... it makes the priesthood slavery which is less than a job. It is enforced work. You can add vocation to the fairytale language that surrounds celibacy. The Church makes it less than a job.

Married Priests USA
http://www.orgsites.com/ny/married-priests-now/

I'm having some difficulty

I'm having some difficulty understanding the seeming anger from the 'anti-celibates'. Celibacacy is good, and non-celibacy is good. However, if I desired a job as a waiter/waitress and I applied for a job at a restaurant that was willing o hire me but there was a dresscode or some other type of restriction that I felt I did not wish to observe (or profoundly disagreed with), then there are other restaurants, I turn down their offer and go somewhere else!!
There are many other religions and even more importantly there are many (thousands) more denominations - Christian ones. The Anglican church, for starters,(which I left in order to join the Catholic Church for the very reason that I could not accept some Anglican beliefs) also offers the
opportunity to pursue one's vocation. If one objects to the Catholic method of forming priests, one can simply move to the Anglican church and become a married priest, or to the numerous other Protestant and Evangelical churches and become pastors.
I discovered some time ago that the Catholic Church is the very one Jesus founded. It is made up of sinners as all churches are. In fact it 'housed' sinners even way back in Jesus' day (Peter, Judas, etc.) and shortly after (Ananias and Saphira, etc.) Martin Luther moved on, so did King Henry and many others. Isn't the solution for the 'anti-celibates' simply to move on.
I have some problems with the Catholic Church - for example, my days at Evangelical churches offered friendly greeters and ushers and invitations to social gatherings and in-house cell groups, etc. But the 'truth' that I found in the concept of the three-legged stool of the Catholic Church where I can worship via the Liturgy far outweighs being somewhat 'entertained' in the 'feel-good' atmosphere of some of the Protestant churches.
So the 'faults' of the Catholic Church seem to lie perhaps in the unfriendliness and 'rush-to-be-out-of-here-before-mass-is-even-over' attitudes of the congregation rather than in the doctrine or teachings of the Church.

Mr. Kung did not say that

Mr. Kung did not say that celibacy was the only reason that children were abused. Nor did he excuse the abuses, or even condemn "healthy celibacy" (whatever that is). He merely said that celibacy plays a role in causing such abuses; this view is supported by the study you are reading. He even said that the church should not circumvent the state system of justice in trying offenders: this means that he supports punishing them as harshly as possible under state law.

All that being said, I cannot understand why you would seek to unload your vitriol upon Mr. Kung, who actually agrees with you, and not someone who deserves it. Like, say, child-molesters, for example.
Chris@
http://bestcameradeals.info/canon-s95-price-drop-test-review/

How can God "CALL" a pervert

How can God "CALL" a pervert to the priesthood?

Wow...I must interject here

Wow...I must interject here ... my readings of the gospels pretty much says that is why Jesus showed up ~ to show us how wrong we are about our labels and understandings of human nature.

Was Mary Magdalen a pervert? Perhaps Paul was with that "thorn" that the devil beat him with to keep him humble?

What if Jesus came to erase such evaluations and see everyone through the eyes of love and compassion?

My heart aches to hear this tone used in connection with Jesus and God. For me, personally, this is blasphemy.

Paul talks about "forbidding

Paul talks about "forbidding to marry" in one of his letters as being a 'doctrine of demons." What do you say to that my fearless catholic friends?

One Humanity/One Church — A

One Humanity/One Church — A NEW ERA: The magnitude of what is happening today should not be underestimated. What is happening is the ending of one Church Era and the beginning of a new era. The soiled and closeted hierarchical linen of twenty centuries has been found and is being outed; it isn’t pretty. Institutional Catholicism in the Constantinean mold is imploding by reason of its moral vacuum.

Literal scriptural belief and the hyped culture of ritual and dogma are being exposed for their deception and overreach. The rationality of science, but even more importantly, the inspirational fidelity of women, are together exposing the lie of systemic deceit and the calculus of clerical defrauding of the people. For political convenience and perverse motives of corporate self-interest, the male celibate hierarchy lords over the people and outlaws women from their rightful authority in Church.

The Vatican still closets its soiled clerical laundry, for now, but the dirty secret is out and true institutional intent is showing its real face. However, enough has already been outed to make clear that the era of theological dominion and patriarchal imperialism is ending. The people might be deceived and dominated for a while, but when the truth of the abuse of trust is exposed, so will its era be brought to a close.

There are sincere clerics who have been wronged and who are ready to join in bringing Church to conversion. To preserve the priesthood and restore credibility, the immediate movement toward three matters (all related) should begin: return to priestly ministry should be opened to all married priests; priests should have the option of marrying or not marrying; and the priestly ministry should be open to women on an equal basis. Anything less than this is inadequate to the circumstances. The justice of this should be obvious to all who are sensitive to the Gospel and ministry of Jesus. The failure of priesthood in the Church is a disgrace and is inexcusable. Husbands confess your sins to your wives and live uprightly together. Seek counsel and reconciliation when needed.

The Google World of broadband communication puts everyone on equal standing. Everyone’s word can virtually spread to every one else. The virtual nerve-linking of global humanity makes universal consciousness possible. The days of secrecy when power structures could deceive and dominate with impunity are over. The “whole truth” is virtually accessible to everyone. Communication means consciousness; consciousness means conscience; religion now has a chance of being understood in universal light, not as a tool to be manipulated by power structures and violent overreach, but as a tool of instant and constant education, reconciliation.

Factual information is the stuff of truth; the stuff of truth is the stuff of right conscience; the stuff of right conscience is the stuff of right relationship; the stuff of right relationship is the stuff of religion. Perhaps for the first time, truth has a chance to be the universal option of politics, religion, education, and continued updating — evolution. What is evolution? It is instant and continuous updating of consciousness, of religious education, of political work. Updating, consciousness, education and religion are a unity in the continuity of the self-reflective person. The task of “One Humanity” and “One Church” is the word and work of all. Let us together put our hands to the task, for it is the human thing to do, the divine thing to do, the political thing to do; CHURCH IS THE CHANGE THAT IS NEEDED.
http://www.secondenlightenment.org/ENLIGHTENED%20%20%20EVOLUTION,%20TRIM...

I say the bible isn't the

I say the bible isn't the only authority of the church. I say Jesus founded a church to govern and continue His teaching. And one of those teachings is celibacy.

I say you should join Jesus' church.

God bless,
Mike

I reply that you are ignorant

I reply that you are ignorant of Catholic colture, dear Anonymous. Many Catholics are married, didn't you know?

We do not force ANYONE to remain celibate. Who becomes a priests CHOSES celibacy as part of his mission as a sheppard.

In a web search, I did find

In a web search, I did find diagnostic language, indicating that "celibacy" is a common manifestation of schizoid PD/traits. And I think "celibacy" as an expression of pathological personality traits/structures is a very different thing from the "celibacy" of religious life, a distinction which I believe clinicians should handle with care.

Best Regards,
Lisa Caponigri

The means to protecting

The means to protecting children from sexual assault is to PROTECT CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL ASSAULT. The secualr community knows how to do that.

Reinventing the wheel is, of course, anyone's perogative but it tends to leave critical needs unmet longer than is necessary.

Richard Sipe's work appears focused on making the wheel true, which will necessarily always include an absolute focus on the sexual safety of children, period. Dr Kung presents a dangerous distortion of that absolute focus.

Nigel
Nigel@ Postcode

I am torn on this issue. When

I am torn on this issue.

When I was a teen, I seriously considered becoming a priest but the idea of celibacy scared me so much that I eventually gave up the idea. Now that I am an adult, I think I would have been a good priest. I also think that I could have handled celibacy now that I see things a mature adult.

I think the media and popular culture impacted me in such a negative way by constantly putting such high value on sexual relationships.

If I grew up in a different time, I may have become a priest.

I personally believe marriage

I personally believe marriage a is God's instruction from the biblical readings. Celibacy has been formulated by the church as one condition of being a priest. It is a man made commitment that overruled biblical teachings. What is better; A priest commits adultery or a good married priest? Since when has marriage been blasphemous? I support the idea of optional celibacy. Compulsory celibacy make some of the clergy highly immoral.

Fr Kung - I am in the

Fr Kung -

I am in the process of reading Richard Sipe's work as revealed on his website.

What I see there, at first glance, is

1) a body of research focused on the topic celibacy;

2) and on the sub-topic of the failures of the RCC to fully educate and develop clerics and religious for the difficult life of celibacy into which they have entered; and

3) the further sub-topic of the intersection between failed and unhealthfully lived celibacy and **one** of the symptoms of **failed** and **unhealthy** celibacy: (criminal) abuse of children.

It all makes sense to me, and I am looking forward to reading more of his work on healthy development, education and preparation for the vow of chastity in the celibate forms of Catholic life.

That this connection exists is not my issue.

It is your enormous and repugnant leap that "to protect children from criminal treatment we need to end celibacy".

No, Fr Kung. To protect children, we need to make it clear that sexual abuse of children is a crime and will be treated as such.

Healthy celibacy - whether mandatory or voluntary - must be held as a separate issue.

You do not reference failed or undeveloped or unsupported celibacy. You reference celibacy, period. In that sense, I believe you base your argument on a truncated presentation of Richard Sipe's work and goal.

And, in the process, you contribute a line of thought that has the potential to further impede the path to acual "zero tolerance" for the criminal abuse of children.

That message is an unequivocal statement along the lines of "no matter what your need, your pain, your desire, your stress, your wound and no matter the failures of the world around you, CHILDREN ARE OFF-LIMITS".

Anything less than that universal and unequivocal statement, Fr Kung, leaves all children vulnerable to abuse.

Richard Sipes, as I read him so far, makes an argument that sort of sounds like yours but it is a different argument and, as I read him so far, it is a responsible one. Yours is not, Fr Kung. Yours is dangerous to the achievement of safety for children.

Jean Brookbank

Well said, Jean.

Well said, Jean.

Just salute

Just salute you...Bernard.
Chennai - India.

Celibacy is unfortunate as it

Celibacy is unfortunate as it keeps qualified people from participating in the leadership and clergy. It is however more than just unfortunate because sex is a human need such as food, exercise, sleep, micturition, etc.. Celibacy is a deprivation that should not be required of any human being. This state of life requires a person to live without deep interpersonal relationships and is the basis of schizoid personality problems. It keeps people from developing wholesome personality structure. It attracts people who may already have schizoid personality disorders.

That some people were able to live celibate and holy lives was in spite of celibacy not because of it. Some people who are sleep deprived are able to function, but not fully. Some who are hungry for long periods of time do function somewhat, but no long term deprivation adds to the creativity or psychological well being of anyone. That this deprivation could be behind the awful character problems in the RCC clergy is very apparent. I think it is incumbent upon people who believe in this state of life to prove it is healthy instead of vice versa. That fact is that they can not!

Masturbation is a relatively healthy way of responding to human needs when one is without a mate, but it is called mortally wrong by these men. If you check Richard Sipe’s data, you see that only about 50 % of these men are really celibate at one period of time. This has to produce serious feelings of guilt in this group of men that see themselves as in the state of mortal sin. If one already feels he is going to hell, what is to stop him or her from actions that are horrible, and reprehensible?

Yet, the argument is for others to prove that this deprivation is harmful. We see the proof all over in the neurosis of so many of our clergy and, of course, the scandal and the lack of any creative solution by the Bishops. The clergy wants respect because they say that they deprive themselves. Wow, this is a rather silly reason to respect someone. Yes, we should help them so that they would be able to live more creative and less neurotic lives. Instead, the Bishops want to manipulate the People of God into believing that the live of a clergyman is somehow a higher form of life that that of a married person. This type of manipulation has led them to misogyny, homophobia, unacceptable financial manipulations all in the name of respecting their celibate authority. They need help so that they might again be respected!!

May we gain grace through understanding and peace,

R. Dennis Porch, MD

Dr Porch - You seem to be

Dr Porch -

You seem to be responding to me but have totally side-stepped my message. I have nothing to say in response except my basic message to Fr Kung: please refrain from addressing the sexual needs of adults when the crisis is the lack of sexual safety for children exposed to those adults. At best, that is misguided and/or opportunitistic and, at worst, absolutely dimissive of a child's absolute need and right for freedom from sexual abuse.

Jean Brookbank

ps

I think you, like Fr Kung, are manipulating Sipe's work. And I think it likely that you may also be manipulating whatever information you may (or may not have) re: incidences of schizoid personality problems and structures in celibate priests and religious. (I would be interested in citations on that, Dr Porch. I assume you are a psychiatrist? Do you primarily provide initial diagnosis and med management or do you provide therapy? Where were you trained and when and what was the theoretical foundation of that training and, now, of your practice?)

Kung wants to make pedophilia

Kung wants to make pedophilia the smoking gun to prove his case about celibacy. I believe such opportunistic argumentation actually weaken his case.

I agree wholeheartedly with

I agree wholeheartedly with you. I just asked as a reply to another statement here why celibacy is so grand that so many seem to want priests held to it. I really want to know why it's so great. And I think like you say, they can't really answer it well. Does it make them holy? When according to our own church sex is made for procreation and we should have children, why do we say some people cannot?

Dr Porch, I am very

Dr Porch, I am very interested in whatever citations you can offer re: this connection between schizoid traits/structures, priests and celibacy. Again, I think this is an unhelpful thread when we are seeking an absolute end to tolerance for sexual abuse of children in the RCC but I also think this post from you seems rather extreme.

In a web search, I did find diagnostic language, indicating that "celibacy" is a common manifestation of schizoid PD/traits. And I think "celibacy" as an expression of pathological personality traits/structures is a very different thing from the "celibacy" of religious life, a distinction which I believe clinicians should handle with care.

Supporting that caution is the fact that I could find very little support for your statements. I found two clinical studies, one that documented 2 diagnoses of "schizoid PD" in 160 priests hospitalized for treatment of child sexual abuse; and one that documented various characteroligical traits and disorders among priests accused of abuse and that one noted that the smallest category was those diagnosed with a number of traits/structures that *included* schizoid traits/PD but also included paranoid, etc. (which makes the incidence of schizoid PD/traits extremely small and, one would wonder, possibly not even statistically significant).

I think, Dr Porch, that you are likely speaking from a very theoretical space, which I am cool with and, certainly, personality theory is essential (and fascinating).

I also think it can be dangerous stuff when cited in the way you have cited your hypothesis here. (For instance, most people probably don't know the dif between schizophrenia and schizoid personality disorder - a difference which you and I know is vast. Most probably don't understand that personality theory and diagnosis are intended to provide "word pictures" that guide our thinking about and exploration with people with whom we work, which is why I would suggest that even the study which documented 2 schizoid PD diagnoses out of 160 diagnoses for hospitalized sexually abusive priests is not terribly supportive of your hypothesis that people with schizoid traits/structures are drawn to the priesthood and particularly for your explicit statement that celibacy "is the basis for schizoid personality problems").

I am willing to be persuaded if the literature is out there.

JB

I suppose schizoid

I suppose schizoid personality disorder makes people unlikely to form deep monogamous relationships, so it would correlate with celibacy. But the number of celibates (voluntary or involuntary) who are not schizoid is so vast that this correlation has no statistical significance at all.

fr james martin

fr james martin "responds"...

huffingtonpost.com/rev-james-martin-sj/its-not-about-celibacy-bl_b_533037.html

Please checkout Fr James

Please checkout Fr James Martin on Huffington Post about celibacy and the sexual abuse crisis.

Thank you Dr. Porch for that

Thank you Dr. Porch for that lucid thought. Maslow's hierarchy needs. Thanks for the reminder.

I am not a Cathlolic any

I am not a Cathlolic any longer but I applaud your post Dr. Porch.

I just discovered a March 18,

I just discovered a March 18, 2010 statement on his website in which Richard Sipe 's language about celibacy as causal factor (or not) in the sexual abuse of children gets more ambiguous. In his 2008 statement, he is very clear that the issue is "celibacy betrayed". He does not use that language in the March 2010 statement, but he does continue to focus on indications that celibacy has been and is betrayed by some priests and by the RCC culture and institution itself.

What I still don't hear from Sipe - what continues to distinguish his thinking from that presented by Fr Kung and so many who have taken up his proposal - is this: I do not hear Richard Sipe suggesting that the RCC abandon celibacy as a means to protecting children from sexual abuse

Maybe he is moving toward that utilitarian position. I hope not and I am not at all confident that there are indications in his 3/18/2010 writing that he is moving in that direction. As I continue to read his work, I continue to think that his emphasis is on moving the Church to confront its failure to live its own teaching on the value of celibacy, with emphasis on child sexual abuse as one profoundly tragic consequence of that failure: the criminal abuse of children.

That is still a dramatically and qualitatively different argument than Fr Kung's original here in NCR, an argument which he based on Paul's recommendation that Christian men take a wife as a hedge against continued or future sexual wrongs. In the year 2010 and in the context of 20 years spent working with victims and abusers, Fr Kung' use of scripture makes my skin crawl. There is - in Fr Kung's use of that scripture in this context - sublte, implicit and explosively powerful support for granting to oneself (whomever one is) a lack of moral agency when feeling horny.

Maybe Fr Kung and all who are misusing the child sexual abuse crisis to pursue other agenda in the Church need to spend a day or ten or as many as it takes with Sister Maureen Turlish and her team as they work with victims.

I have no doubt that most would soon focus their attention in this debate on the children and their need for every adult (known and unknown) in their world to state unequivocally that CHILDREN ARE OFF-LIMITS and to refuse to be side-tracked by these opportunistic sign-waving about the sexual needs of the abusing adults.

The means to protecting children from sexual assault is to PROTECT CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL ASSAULT. The secualr community knows how to do that.

Reinventing the wheel is, of course, anyone's perogative but it tends to leave critical needs unmet longer than is necessary.

Richard Sipe's work appears focused on making the wheel true, which will necessarily always include an absolute focus on the sexual safety of children, period. Dr Kung presents a dangerous distortion of that absolute focus.

JB

Kung is very irritating in

Kung is very irritating in the way he keeps connecting celibacy with pedophilia. There is really no inherent connection at all.

It is also annoying to see him keep asserting that all sex abuse cases went to the CDF when in fact this is so only for the period from 2001.

Wow, this is very much not

Wow, this is very much not the OLeary i am used to hearing.

Are you celibate? I'd sure

Are you celibate? I'd sure like to know why everyone loves this celibacy. Why is it so grand? Maybe we should all swear to celibacy at confirmation. Bet the church would disappear in one generation! Really, why is it so great that we need to force it on men and women in order for them to serve God? Don't married people serve God too? Didn't God say to Adam that Eve was his mate and that was good?

Mr. Kung did not say that

Mr. Kung did not say that celibacy was the only reason that children were abused. Nor did he excuse the abuses, or even condemn "healthy celibacy" (whatever that is). He merely said that celibacy plays a role in causing such abuses; this view is supported by the study you are reading. He even said that the church should not circumvent the state system of justice in trying offenders: this means that he supports punishing them as harshly as possible under state law.

All that being said, I cannot understand why you would seek to unload your vitriol upon Mr. Kung, who actually agrees with you, and not someone who deserves it. Like, say, child-molesters, for example.

Dear Abdulrahman, I am very

Dear Abdulrahman, I am very sorry that my language seemed vitriolic. I assure that my attention is focused on abusers through my work as a social
worker. Fr Kung does speak to some common sense strategies for holding abusers accountable and, thus, protecting children. That said, he facilitates - perhaps inadvertently - a shift in focus from the protection of children to a focus on celibacy, with abuse of children as one potential negative outcome of celibacy.

Fr Kung is a priest, scholar, activist in possession of a truly exceptional platform within the worldwide Catholic community. I sincerely doubt Fr Kung's intended to use his one-in-a-billion platform to provide abusers one more sourced argument that "it's not really my fault. if the Church had not forced me into celibacy, i would have been able to address my sexual needs in relationship with adults and I never would have considered reaching out to children in my very human and natural need for sexual release and expression. instead of focusing on me - a good man/woman who just wanted to serve God and bought the Church's line that I could be fulfilled without sexual relationship, you should be focused on fixing the Church. fix the Church - eliminate (mandatory) celibacy and you'll find that you've fixed me and other men and women like me. we would never turn to kids if we could turn to adults. read about all these priests and experts and psychoanalysts who say that sex is a basic need and then tell me that the church was not abusing me
between making choose between my religious life and a basic need".

that is the kind of "rap" I can imagine an abuser engaging in based on Fr Kung's writings here. that is, in fact, what any argument like Fr Kung's provides. It is absolutely immaterial whether that was his intention. He and all who followed his line of thinking drew a very thick and dark causal line from (mandatory) celibacy to sexual abuse of children by celibates. And please do not fool yourself, Abdul, into believing that abusers are not listening, are not seeking every possible cover for their abusive behavior, including "if the Church had not required celibacy of me, I never would have abused that child". and, for the sake of children, please do not fool yourself that such cover, such rationalization, such blame-defection does not put more children at risk of abuse. it does.

And that is a profoundly dangerous message for children.

The cause of sexual abuse of children is the sexual abuse of children.

If we want the sexual abuse of children to stop, we will say - without any qualification whatsoever - that children are off-limits.

If we want the sexual abuse of children to stop, we will say that each and every adult - no matter what their circumstances, experiences, needs, wounds, deprivations, power or lack thereof - will be held 100% accountable for 100% of the sexually abusive behaviors and actions they chose and then enacted.

People of Fr Kung's stature and people who are "nobodies" like me must accept full responsibility for ensuring that our voice and influence is focused on protecting children, period. Each of us make take full responsibility for the reality that any explanation of contributing factors or conditions that facilitate the abuser can be exploited to sustain a(n often subterrain) tolerance of sexual abuse and abusers.

I believe Fr Kung fails to do that in these pieces.

I believe his focus is an end to celibacy. No doubt Father Kung is outraged and mortified by the sexual abuse crisis.

Nonetheless, Father's discussion seems to argue his main concern (an end to celibacy) in a manner that inadvertently complicates and obfuscates the critical necessity for a universal and unequivocal and prfoundly active condemnation of the sexual abuse of children, regardless of any and all other facts, realities, needs, pressures.

Mandatory celibacy may or may not be sexually and psychologically and culturally and spiritually healthy and/or necessary. That discussion is out there and waiting for all of us.

But it is a dangerous focus when our goal is the protection of children.

Our attention should be first and foremost and again and again and again for as long as we have any question about whether children remain at risk on sending the crystal clear message that CHILDREN ARE OFF-LIMITS regardless of all other realities. Adn we need to say that and say that and say that....even to the Fr Kung's of the world.

And he can take it and he will understand, I am confident, that the criticism is not about him. It is, instead, ***for*** children.

I do apologize if I spoke with vitriol, Abdul and I will watch it going forward.

Jean Brookbank

Good on you, Jean. Might I

Good on you, Jean. Might I add that if men, after their ordination to the
Roman Catholic priesthood, deem they cannot practice and adhere to celibacy they MUST get out of the priesthood. As, he might feel that he is called, BUT, definitely he is NOT CHOSEN. It is better to have small community of quality priests than to have a multitude of wolves within the Roman Catholic Church.

Not all non-celibate priests

Not all non-celibate priests are wolves and not all celibate priests are quality priests!

Jean, I'm not sure I

Jean,

I'm not sure I understand your argument. If I'm following you, you're attempting to carve out some kind of middle ground between "mandatory celibacy", and "absolute rejection of celibacy", and giving it the name: "healthy celibacy". I'm not altogether sure such a thing exists, but leaving that aside, it also seems that you're attempting to carve out this idea of "healthy celibacy" by circumscribing the priesthood with an oath or some such contrivance: "No matter what your need, your pain, your desire, your stress, your wound and no matter the failures of the world around you, CHILDREN ARE OFF-LIMITS".

Apparently you feel that this would in some way protect children, and the elimination of mandatory celibacy is simply a side issue that distracts from your overriding goal of foisting this oath onto the priesthood (to protect children).

Jean, clearly you are an educated individual, and I hope that I've summed up your assertions fairly. On the assumption that I have, let me say, and please forgive my dauntlessness (no affront intended), but this seems a very very childish approach to a rather broad problem.

Every single priest who has ever abused a child knew full well that what he was doing was wrong (rationalizations notwithstanding). An oath (even a fully enforced one, which may be more what you were intending to say) would not address the psycho-sexual immaturity issue that is at the heart of the problem. You certainly have to recognize this.

In the laity, we learn about sexuality through our experiences from early adolescence through early adulthood (from that first hand-holding to our first sexual relationship). I doubt that it's a coincidence that most of the victims of sexual abuse by the priesthood happen to be children and teens. By unequivocally establishing celibacy as a "gift", the hierarchy is taking that which is psycho-sexually very abnormal and putting it on a pedestal. An individual who is psycho-sexually immature (due to shyness for example) might seize upon this "gift" as an excuse to avoid the (sometimes painful) process of learning about sexual expression and sexual growth/health. God however has a way of forcing us (over time) to face our demons, and eventually such repressed growth seeks an outlet.

The hierarchy has a choice to make. It can further degrade the Church by stubbornly adhering to that which its members are actually least qualified to objectively examine, or it can listen to the experiences of the laity for guidance (heaven forbid), and reconsider mandatory celibacy. Allowing (more) married priests (since technically such things as married RC priests already exist) enables far more positives than negatives. In fact, it would almost certainly change the abuse dynamic -- with more priests to choose from, the Bishops would have less reason to "overlook" evidence of a priest's abuses. Pedophiles would simply be pushed out of the hierarchy, since there would be fewer complications to removing them. In the end this would be good for everyone -- the Bishops are able to manage the Church better, the pedophiles would be forced to deal with their immaturity in a more constructive setting, and families would have less to worry about vis-a-vis their priest and their kids.

We know a great deal more about mental health than we did in the 11th century. It's time we started using that knowledge. Tradition has its place, but when a secondary or tertiary tradition proves that it's contributing to an obvious problem, it's time to adjust. Maybe there is a place for celibacy, but it needs to be a real choice of a fully mature adult, not a refuge for confused adolescents looking to avoid pain/growth.

J. Tolbey

JTolbey - Thank you for your

JTolbey - Thank you for your thoughtful response and its peacefulness.

You wrote, "You're attempting to carve out this idea of 'healthy celibacy' by circumscribing the priesthood with an oath or some such contrivance: 'No matter what your need, your pain, your desire, your stress, your wound and no matter the failures of the world around you, CHILDREN ARE OFF-LIMITS'."

First re: the term "healthy celibacy". I encountered that language in Richard
Sipe's work, which I first learned about through Fr Kung's articles here on NCR. He makes a solid case for celibacy as a healthy and life-giving commitment in a context of Church-facilitation of genuine formation, communication and ongoing education/self-awareness, etc. I just tried to find the specific Sipe article in which I read his extensive discussion of "healthy celibacy", but was unable to do so. (I will look for it and, when I find the piece from which I drew my understanding and language of "healthy celibacy", I will post it here).

Hopefully that will help you understand that I was not "attempting to carve out this idea of 'healthy celibacy'". ***Richard Sipe, a former priest and mental health expert, "carve[d] out the idea of healthy celibacy". I was simply responding to Fr Kung in the context of the work he cited. I apologize for that lack of clarity (I assumed that people interested in this thread would check out Sipe's work and would recognize that I was referencing his conceptual work by using his language. Without that context, it is confusing).

JTolby, Sipe's work was welcome to me, not because I am invested in the issue of clerical celibacy (I am not. I do not, in fact, have any particular opinion about celibacy and the priesthood. I apologize to those for whom it is a critical issue, particularly those priests who love their priesthood and believe they could serve God and their vocation as well or better if they could also be married or partnered. We all have to decide where to place our intellectual energy, and I have not devoted my energy to the issue of clerical celibacy. Again, my apologies. In all sincerity, JTolby, I personally do not care what adults - priests included - do with their sex lives as long as children are not sexually abused in the process. Beyond that, I am happy to leave the discussion to others. There is certainly no lack of Catholics, priests and laypeople, who are understandably and profoundly concerned about this issue (you sound like one of them and, because you engage so peacefully and thoughtfully, my guess is you can be an effective advocate for continued dialogue about this issue). I will follow from a distance while pursuing some of the other issues of importance in the Church today. ).

Sipe's concept of "healthy celibacy" was welcome to me because it offered a counter to the prevailing (and frequently ugly) pronouncement on religious celibacy, which you echoed when you wrote, "I'm not altogether sure such a thing [as healthy celibacy] exists".

I read that stuff and think, "so, what? are you saying those healthy, passionately fulfilled, intimacy-rich lives of celibate priests and religious women I know are just a fiction?" And, of course, I know that suggestion is pure bunk: the priests and religious women I know deal with the tensions of sexuality and celibacy. And they are happy, JTolbey; they are healthy; they have intimate relationships. Is that true of all who take a vow of celibacy? Of course not. But it is true of many diocesan priests, many religious priests, many sisters and brothers. And Sipe's work acknowledges and supports that while describing the Church culture necessary to nurture and sustain life-giving celibacy.

****

That said, most of what you say makes sense to me, JTolbey. I have been wondering whether, if the Church were to eliminate mandatory celibacy and if the pool of priests did in fact expand, would the Church - experiencing an abundance of priests - respond with a greater willingness to remove sexually abusive priests (or to screen better in the first place)? Your mention of that possibility is interesting to me and, if you have sources that pursue that argument, I would be interested. As it is, that sounds like what we all wish would happen....... AND I have not read anything that makes me think the shortage of priests is a significant causal factor in the Church's failure to address sexual abuse of children by priests (though I will look for that thread in Sipe's research. Do you know of evidence-based literature out there that identifies the clerical shortage as a causal factor in the Church's failures in this area?)

****

With regard to my concern and my deep disappointment that Fr Kung has used his unparalleled access to the media (during its focus on the sexual abuse crisis) to twin the issues of clerical celibacy and clerical sexual abuse of children:

all i can tell you, JTolbey, is that I believe that the first real step to ending violence - against children, against women, against people of color, against gay men and women and teens, against the mentally ill, against the poor - is that most difficult step of unceasing vigilence against those slippery slopes that render us tolerant of the intolerable.

The world - the whole world, JTolbey - was focused on the horror of the sexual abuse of children. And I believe Fr Kung *did* offer a distraction when he used his forum to address celibacy. I would much rather he had lent that forum on sexual abuse to Sr Maureen Turlish, whose keeps her eyes on the children. Then the dialogue stemming from her contribution would have remained focused there, rather than shifting to the desire of many priests to marry, etc etc etc. Which is what happened in the responses here to Fr Kung's articles on the issue.

Thanks again for the peacefulness of your response and I apologize the confusion caused by my references to Sipe's language and concepts that you and others had not encountered. JB

Jtolbey - I hope you will

Jtolbey -

I hope you will read two links in today's NCR:

***one link to the article from Rome.............. (which I think addresses some of the many questions and issues here. one definite take-away I would hope for would be for people to challenge this schizoid personality disorder story: the statistics don't exist and it perpetuates a mid-to-late 20th century urban myth about the bulk of sexual offenders/child sexual abusers. the truth is likely to be far less "sexy" psychiatrically and far more frightening: narcissism, the pathological syndrome this article focuses on, is highly rewarded in today's dominant world culture. interestingly, this article - and its psychiatric hypothesis - is the first one that, for me, proposes a potentially solid link between a power-based structure/culture in the institutional Church and the sexual abuse of children within that structure. JTolbey, i would ask you to look particularly at the statement that "narcissists don't believe there is a problem [with their conduct or desires]" and compare that with your statement that the abusers knew what they were doing was wrong - you are talking knowledge and the article is talking belief and pathology...and i think the article is talking the reality of those who abuse others. there is, i believe, significant parallel here with spousal abusers and they need to hear the same message over and over again like a broken record: "no matter what your need, fear, pain, desire, etc., is - hitting your partner is off-limits"); and

*** the link to the Washington Post on seminarians. i would encourage you to read the article and then read the last line of your post. i wonder if your last line seems fair to you?

I would be interested to hear more.

JB

I would agree with your

I would agree with your comment: "The celibacy law obliges the priest to abstain from all forms of sexual activity, though their sexual impulses remain virulent, and thus the danger exists that these impulses might be shifted into a taboo zone and compensated for in abnormal ways."

One only has to look at prison populations to see that when deprived of normal sexual relationships and control over their own NORMAL sexual desires they can compensate in abnormal ways.

What a horrible weight celibacy is for many priests w/ normal sexual desires to carry. And those laity who demand celibate clergy, 99% of them are themselves married.

Hans, trying to drag the pope

Hans, trying to drag the pope through the mud because you are still upset that you have been deemed a heretical theologican and can't work anymore except for this rag and maybe a Call to Action conference here and there?

Anonymous 3/18: With such a

Anonymous 3/18:

With such a statement, how could you be anything but...
"ANONYMOUS"

I agree Dot, Hans for me is a

I agree Dot, Hans for me is a great theologian and is one of the few honest ones to look at the implications and responsibility that the pope, as a man and a clergyman has to take. Just because he's pope and surrounded by a whole number of insecure closeted men does not mean he should be absolutely accountable for his actions. All this is a blessing in disguise, because a new church will rise out of this.

I so agree! When the new

I so agree! When the new church comes I will be in line to join. Until then I am ready to bag the whole thing out of disgust!!

This information from

This information from anonymous is as relevant as any potential conflict of interest or prejudicial experiences from any one who makes a public statement. There is a large amount of information to consider if a serious position is adopted on this issue, and any proclamation as brief as Mr Hung's should be recognized as purely rhetoric - to that end his current standing with those he accuses is very relevant.

They need to confess, or God

They need to confess, or God is not glorified by them in their life, only in their judgement.

Then Joshua said to Achan, "My son, I implore you, give glory to the Lord, the God of Israel, and give praise to Him; and tell me now what you have done. Do not hide it from me."

Joshua 7:19 (NASB)

Anonymous, the argument from

Anonymous, the argument from ridicule is not an argument at all. It only uses disrespect of another human being to project what you appear to view as your own superior point of view without rationality. It certainly does not influence me to give the time of day to that point of view of yours.

Then you are saying,

Then you are saying, anonymous, that Popes were heroes in this matter. Can you detail the heroism...case by case? I'd love to save your details to Word.

If you've ready Hans Kung,

If you've ready Hans Kung, you would know that he held his present positions long before the present pope was even at the Vatican. His positions have always been consistent with theology as it was intended to be. Jesus was also deemed a heretic, as has many great leaders and founders: founding fathers of the US of A, Israel, revolutionaries in South America, Latin America, Africa and every other continent. Your classifying him as such is only a temporary issue... The church will be returned to where it began, back to the people .

Jesus was OBEDIENT to His

Jesus was OBEDIENT to His Father. Kung needs to take a lesson from Jesus and be OBEDIENT to his Holy Father. Adam was disobedient and from this sin we all are born with original sin. Jesus' obedience absolves all of mankind from sin. The vows of the religious are poverty, chastity and obedience. I guess OBEDIENCE is pretty important to God. And frankly, Mr. Kung, you need a lesson in obedience.

Why is it when people like

Why is it when people like this Michaela don't like an auther or priest they choose to refer to him as Mr? He is Fr. Kung or Dr. Kung. Disagree with the man, but show some modicum of respect.

For further, in-depth

For further, in-depth development of Fr. Kung's positions on mandatory celibacy, I highly recommed the book: "Illicit Celibacy and the Deposit of Faith" by Edgar Davie.

This book examines the Catholic priesthood from its beginning as a Jewish sect, when all priests were commanded to marry until Church laws of the Middle Ages forever prohibited priestly marriage. What authority does the Church posses allowing it to change the original Christian Doctrine of marriage taught by Jesus? Is such a change heretical? This scholarly and in-depth book alleges that the required vow of celibacy for Catholic priests is illicit, and that it nullifies infallible Catholic dogma.

Edgar Davie is a Catholic layman who, since 1980, has studied comparative theology, the foundations of Christianity and Catholicism, as well as the composition, dates and sources of the New Testament. He has written one self-published book: "Before the Bible: Beliefs and Practices of the First Christians." Mr. Davie graduated from Vanderbilt University with a B.E. in Civil Engineering. He studied law and has been both a private businessman and the Director of a nationally affiliated professional trade and marketing association

After this, it will be a

After this, it will be a while before Hans and Josef have a beer together.

Get your drunkeness away!

Get your drunkeness away!

LOL

LOL

Excellent article.

Excellent article.

I applaud your call for

I applaud your call for honesty. But, alas, I fear far too many of our leading clerics no longer know what it means.

The history of the scandals

The history of the scandals demonstrate both the Church's complicity and its guilt. Of that there can be no question. As to what has happened, the Church can only admit its culpability, seek pardon, and commit itself to preventing future abuses.

That being said, Father Kung is not a resource for the Church as it seeks to move forward and atone. To take a tragedy and use it to promote one's own agenda, as Kung has done, demonstrates a staggering measure of callousness and egocentricity. The victims, the transgressors, the Church itself are mere props for the eludcidation of Kung's beliefs.

Dear Anonymous, The only

Dear Anonymous,

The only callousness and egocentricity that I see in this issue comes from the Vatican that fails to have the character to take responsibility for this scandal and thus further promotes a leadership crisis in the institution. They do not have the character of a Harry Truman to know where the buck stops! Cardinal Ratzinger showed his inability to understand the breath and depth of so many theologians that should have been used as resources all along instead of hiding such serious problems deep in the stench of a closed Vatican museum that did not open its windows to understanding but did exactly the opposite. Is this not the responsibility of Joseph Ratzinger and JOhn Paul the Great????!!!

There is a solution and that is to change the structure from the man made Roman Empire format to rely far more on the Baptismal Priesthood established by Christ. This institution fails because all authoritarian structures fail to understand that they can and do make mistakes. They therefore can not learn from the experiences of their own mistakes.

May we gain both personal and institutional grace from People such as Professor Kung who has not given up listening to the HOly Spirit.

R. Dennis Porch, MD

Thank you, Father Kung. This

Thank you, Father Kung.

This synopsis confirms my belief that John Paul and Benedict knew of the abuse and coordinated the cover up.
The letter of May 18, 2001 is the 'smoking gun.'
When I was in a seminary, we were told that we risked excommunication if we ever reported a cleric to civil authorities. A siege mentality, of persecution of the Church, was part of the formation process.
There was also the accusation of 'intellectual pride' if one questioned anything presented by the teachers.
This mindset seems to be prevalent among many of the hierarchy.

Wonderful Creator,
God of being, life and love;
God of justice, mercy and forgiveness;
God of knowledge, understanding and wisdom.
Help us to see all people, things, and events as You see them; and to act accordingly.
Amen

I have often heard that the

I have often heard that the "real reason" the celibacy rule came to pass had more to do with priests and bishops owning property which would be inheritable by wives and children ~ and a desire to maintain the assets of the church in the church and not dispersed in bits and pieces to familial beneficiaries. If that is true, and if it is also true that the celibacy rule has mightily contributed the ongoing sexual abuse disaster worldwide, then those economic motives have certainly blown up in the church's face. The payment of settlements has been a huge diminution of church assets, and will continue for quite sometime. The ongoing loss of faith and financial support of the church is likewise bound to compound those financial losses for the foreseeable future, and understandably so.

Awesome

Awesome

We keep waiting for the

We keep waiting for the heirarchy of the R C church to take responsibility, but it never comes. What is more important is retaining the male-dominated, celebate required heirarchy doing anything and everything they can to maintain their power and control. What could the billions of dollars spent by the church in American done for education, for the homeless, for the hungry, . . . . . . the list could go on and on. Instead, the faithful watch their money handed over to victims of priests, bishops and cardinals who go unpunished. Talk about mortal sins!!!!! - The attempt to divert attention away from these issues and attempt to put pressure and attention on the nuns is another shameful ploy by the heirarchy. It has been the women who have moved the faith forward, who have cared for faithful, the schoolchildren, the sick, the poor. Without the women (nuns) who promoted Christianity through Catholicism, the population of Catholic Americans would be considerably less.
Wayne in Richfield, MN.

When do our legal systems

When do our legal systems require more than a "mae culpa"? Will the pope be prosecuted or any of the German bishops? I don't hear any of the legalities being explored or explained. I'd appreciate that from these written articles.

How silly of us not to

How silly of us not to recognize that the cure for pedophilia is marriage. How could we not have realized this simple cure. We no longer need to isolate or monitor pedophiles, we simply need to have them register with e-harmony.

The priesthood may attract those persons with a disordered sexual nature but it is unfair and scandalous to suggest too the thousands of priests that their sacrifice of celibacy will bring out in them. latent pedophile tendencies.

Well said!

Well said!

You are making a common

You are making a common mistake. Pedophilia is an attraction to children who have not yet reached puberty. The majority of the child sexual abuse that has occurred in the Church worldwide has been with young and mid- adolescents, so the crimes are of child sexual abuse. Pedophilia is quite different. Sex crimes with older children and adults has to do with a host of serious pysychosocial difficulties.

You also seems to be ignorant of the range of difficulties that mandatory celibacy causes our clergy (not just sexual). A number of wonderful books have been referred to in these blogs, and I refer you to them. High rates of depressive and anxiety disorders, profound lonliness, anger control issues, and so on, plague our rectories. The cost is high. We, the laity, need to do all we can to rescue our clergy from these unliveable conditions that do not need to impede their ministries. Since the uppermost heirarchy will not do it out of their phobic need to cling to tradition (a serious disorder in itself), it is up to us. An international movement needs to be organized to start and push for this: our priests, and future priests, need us.

Such a worldwide organization

Such a worldwide organization exists. It's called "Celibacy is the Issue" - CITI for short. Louis Haggett began this almost 20 years ago, and this group has encouraged resigned priests to reactivate their ministries around the world! Don't ever doubt what a handful of committed people can do to change the world. It's the only successful way to do so!

I find it hard to question

I find it hard to question the judgment of Hans Kung---but he is in his eighties. I don't find it hard to question the judgment of Joseph Ratzinger and he is in his eighties. What I find difficult in Kung's essay (I agree with the content) is the background; that we have here an argument by two men in their eighties. What has become of our church when we have one theological titan in his eighties remonstrating with another wounded clerical titan in his eighties. Is this the Titanic sinking with old old men fighting on the deck?

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