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Raising the question of peace outside churches of all faiths
Last summer, 85-year-old Mennonite peace activist Peter Ediger decided to take his passion for peace to the churches in Las Vegas, where he lives. Peter works for Pace e Bene, the Franciscan nonviolence program. Like many of us, he's concerned that the churches in the United States are ignoring, if not blatantly rejecting, the nonviolence of Jesus. So he wrote to area churches and announced that he would visit a different church every Sunday morning, keep vigil outside as parishioners entered and then join their worship service. During his vigil, he would hold up a large sign asking them about Jesus' Sermon on the Mount commandment, "Love your enemies."
His one-man satyagraha campaign has been going on for six months now. When I heard about it, I called him to find out how it's been and what he's learned. He sent me a journal of his experiences.
From the start, he wanted to avoid self-righteousness, anger or violence, he wrote. "I hope I'm going in a spirit of love and less out of a spirit of judgment," he wrote.
In an effort to be peaceful during his peace vigil, he decided to write to every church the week before he visited them. Here's his letter:
What would happen if Christians here, there and everywhere would take seriously Jesus' invitation for us to love our enemies? Could this help break down the dividing walls of hostility in our world, and save us from our destructive cycles of violence and counter-violence?
This fall I am visiting different churches in the Las Vegas area each Sunday. I am coming with a sign which I will hold near the church entrance. The sign reads: "Jesus says, 'Love your enemies.' What does your church say?" When the service begins, I will join in worship with the congregation. I look forward to being with you next Sunday.
My hope is that this visitation will encourage conversation among people of faith and move us all to become more active in living out and sharing the good news of gospel nonviolence. Our world urgently needs this witness. I pray that the Spirit may richly bless all the ministries of your congregation.
Before he set off, he told his own church he would spend the next year visiting the other Christian churches in the Las Vegas area on Sunday mornings. The pastor gave him a formal blessing. As he left, one parishioner came up to him and said, "Sounds a little scary to me."
Alas, I thought the same thing. You'd think that greeting Christian sisters and brothers with the good news of Jesus' call to love our enemies would be warmly welcomed. But on second thought, maybe not.
Peter's been at it now for six months and reports that most churchgoers have been gracious and welcoming. The pastors, on the other hand, have almost all been anxious, nervous and threatening. At least they haven't had him arrested. Here's what's happened so far.
At Trinity United Methodist Church, he was welcomed with friendly greetings and enjoyed the service and sermon. The next week at Community Lutheran Church, he learned that the pastor had urged everyone to "welcome him with love, treat him with dignity and show the radical grace and acceptance that Jesus calls us to. I invite you to go out of your way to welcome him if you see him. Please inform others as well, so the love of Christ is showered on this man on a unique mission." He received many positive greetings, and was publicly introduced during the service, welcomed and thanked for visiting. He was off to a good start, and grateful for the conversations.
Next stop, All Saints' Episcopal Church. They identify themselves as "a military friendly church." The priest, a retired administrator of the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant in Colorado and the Nevada nuclear weapons test site, also welcomed Peter, but Peter was dismayed by their public support of the U.S. military.
His visit to St. Viator's Catholic Community came during the anniversary of Sept. 11. "I do not love my enemies," one Catholic said to him on his way in to morning Mass. There the priest spoke of forgiveness and how Jesus breaks the cycle of violence. "Make me a channel of your peace," they sang at the end. "Where there is hatred, let me sow love." Peter was moved, but left with questions about their support of war.
And so it went. Central Christian Church, with its superdome-like auditorium, proclaimed "A place where it's OK to not be OK" as its motto. Peter wondered how OK they would be with his sign. Sure enough, a staff worker approached and told him he was not allowed to hold his sign and threatened to call the police.
"I need to think about this," Peter answered. "How about we pray?"
Of course, the staff worker answered. So they joined hands and prayed for guidance. Then another church worker approached and told him the sign must go. So Peter left it in his car.
He then sat through the preacher's sermon on "The Spiritual Joyride."
"'JOY,' the pastor said, "means 'J for Jesus, O for Others, and Y for You.'"
At Victory Missionary Baptist Church, he was greeted by the church's own large sign: "You can be sure you are going to heaven." When the pastor met Peter, he told Peter that he can rest assured he's going to heaven. When Peter asks about Jesus' commandment -- "love your enemies" -- the pastor responded that the Bible offers many texts that support war, and talked about how God blessed King David's wars. Later, during the service, he preached about discerning true from false prophets and his concern that Christians do not take seriously the reality of eternal hellfire. Peter left wondering where the love of God and love for humanity fit into the pastor's war and hellfire equation.
At First African Methodist Episcopal Church, he was likewise welcomed by the pastor, who later preached beautifully about becoming "change agents for God" to fix broken relationships. But Peter wondered about the focus on personal relationships and how we might instead fix the world's broken international relationships. Maybe that's what Jesus had in mind when he commanded his followers to love their nation's enemies.
At First Presbyterian Church, an usher approached and told Peter, "We need to get rid of evil." Perhaps he thought Peter wanted to keep evil. Then the pastor ordered him to get rid of his sign and threatened him with trespassing. Just then, one of the church elders appeared and invited Peter to their Monday community meeting to discuss the issues, so Peter agreed, and joined in the worship service.
At St. Thomas More Catholic Church, Peter was asked to move his sign away from the entrance, so he agreed. During Mass, the priest preached about the commandment to love God and neighbor. But Peter left wondering why there was no mention of love for the people in Iraq and Afghanistan, whom we were trying to kill.
At Canyon Ridge Christian Church, one of the area mega-churches, an official saw the sign and announced that he reads Stanley Hauerwas and John Howard Yoder.
"But that's mature stuff, only fit for academicians," he explained. In other words, you can't talk about universal love and nonviolence with ordinary Christians.
Inside, the preacher told his 3,000-member congregation that they must become "debt-free." The focus of the sermon and the service was again on the individual. Peter was concerned that there was no mention of the global debt, the Occupy movement or the needs of the poor. What would happen if 3,000 devout Christians committed themselves to relieving the debt of the world's poor or to love for our enemies? Peter asked himself.
At University United Methodist Church, he met a sympathetic congregation. "You're preaching to the choir here," one parishioner told him with a smile. The pastor cordially welcomed him. His sermon later focused on Jesus' way of conflict resolution, based on Matthew 18:15-20, and Jesus' use of love and forgiveness to resolve conflict. Peter was moved, but then once again confused when the pastor proceeded to bless the U.S. military.
At St. John the Baptist Greek Orthodox Church, church members told Peter they agreed with his sign -- but they simply do not allow signs on their premises. He was warmly welcomed and impressed by the pastor's sermon on Jesus' parable of the rich fool from Luke 12. "The Occupy movement has called attention to the growing gap between the people of great wealth and the many who struggle to get by," the pastor said. He warned against the temptation of accumulating wealth for oneself and forgetting about our brothers and sisters in need. People who do that "are fools," he announced.
At the International Church of Las Vegas, Peter engaged parishioners with his sign until the church security guard told him he had to leave. By then it was time to join the service. There, he heard the pastor launch his "Jesus Said Go" campaign, sending out short-term missionaries around the world. The focus of his sermon was the need to have a positive attitude. The message: Be like Tim Tebow of the Denver Broncos.
Like any peace vigil, Peter's witness cannot be measured for results. The witness and the spirit behind it are what count. I find Peter's effort an interesting attempt to raise a serious question with the entire Christian community in his city.
"What have you learned?" I asked Peter the other day.
"I'm learning how the churches differ radically from my view, but I know, too, I have something to learn from them," he said. "It's been good for me, for my own spiritual journey. It's been good going to worship with other Christians. The letter I sent to them has been important. I tell them I'm coming to worship and just to raise a question. Worship for me means both praising and discerning. So I join in the celebrating and the questioning. In the spirit of Matthew 18, I think if we have issues with brothers and sisters, we need to talk about it, and I think this is the important question that Jesus brings to the world: 'How do we see ourselves in relationship to the enemy?' I've noticed that all the churches lack an element of confession about the country's wars. There are a lot of prayers for our military personnel, but no request for the Lord to have mercy upon us for what we have done this week to people in Afghanistan.
"I've also learned that while there are many good-hearted, welcoming people out there, the leadership in most churches is very cautious about speaking about the heart of the Gospel," he continued. "So the crisis we face in the churches about ignoring the heart of the Gospel, I think, rests with our leadership. I've begun to question their theological training. I think we need to ask more of those who train our pastors.
"I sense there's a readiness, even a hunger, among the grassroots, for the Gospel," he continued. "But we give them crumbs instead of the meat of the Gospel. We treat the people as if they are not ready to think seriously about the heart of the gospel by neglecting to speak about the radical call of Jesus' nonviolent love.
"So I'm sensing that the responsibility for the spiritual crisis we are facing in our culture rests with the leadership in the churches. We peace people focus much of our energy and attention on the structures which build weapons and wage war, and we need to do that, but we have not be ready to confront, question and challenge our brothers and sisters about our responsibility for the mythology that perpetuates war.
"That's my motivation," Peter continued. "I've been pondering how we can go to our military installations and say no to war, but how we have not gone to the churches and our brothers and sisters in faith who support war and also say no. We are hiding our light under a bushel and the world needs that light.
"I think we're in a deep theological, spiritual crisis," Peter concluded, "but at the same time, I think the grassroots have a readiness and a hunger for some real renewal and revival of the Gospel of love and nonviolence. I hope we can be awake and alive to the Spirit voice calling us to a new following of Jesus and his beautiful invitation to nonviolence."
Peter's vigil doesn't offer any answers. It raises questions, beginning with the essential question on his sign. And Peter questions us: What do we say about Jesus' commandment? Do we support his commandment or do we reject it? And if we say we support it, what does that mean? How do we show active, unconditional love for the people of Afghanistan who are being targeted by our guns, our drones and our bombs?
That question should haunt every church and spur us to nonviolent action. I'm grateful to Peter for raising the question.
"We should all be asking one another about Jesus' teaching to love our enemies," Peter told me on the phone. "It's urgent that we raise this question around the country, especially as the U.S. empire continues to spread around the world. We have to speak while we still can."
***
John will speak Feb. 4 at the Seattle Spiritual Books Festival and Feb. 6 in Portland. His new book, Lazarus, Come Forth!, explores Jesus as the God of life calling humanity (in the symbol of the dead Lazarus) out of the tombs of the culture of war and death. To see John's 2012 speaking schedule, go to John Dear's website. John is profiled with Dan Berrigan and Roy Bourgeois in a new book, Divine Rebels by Deena Guzder (Lawrence Hill Books). This book and other recent books, including Daniel Berrigan: Essential Writings; Put Down Your Sword and A Persistent Peace, are available from Amazon.com.
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I love my enemies, even the
I love my enemies, even the self-righteous ones.
For many Christians, the
For many Christians, the "enemy" is very intimate: family members, friends or clergy who abuse them; family, friends or clergy who tell them they're going to burn in hell for eternity for this reason or that, etc. All that anger with few constructive channels for it. Therefore: wars...collective national enmity. It's good clergy address the "wars" that occur in homes. And, these home wars occur in Mennonite and Catholic and Quaker homes, too.
As I heard a European American Catholic priest state: "The real holocaust in the United States is child abuse."
Peace activists do need to confront our religious institutions of higher learning, as stated in this week's piece. And, Peter Ediger, if a hand-held sign isn't allowed at a church, emblazen your message on the front and back of the shirts you wear. Maybe, "love your enemies. - Jesus" in smaller letters on the back of the shirts, shoulder height. That way, it may be read by congregants sitting behind you during services. You're planting many Peace seeds, come what may.
What is a European American
What is a European American and what is its significance in your desciption of the priest in question...
I use European American in
I use European American in response to the oft-used practice of identifying a person by race only when that person is a person of color and the oft-used practice of not identifying a Caucasian or White or European American person by their race. In identifying a person's race, I am practicing the African form of greeting (don't know the specific word) that translates into English as "I see you." Since African American is a common identification, I choose to identify as European American, since my ancestors came from Europe, though I dwell in the United States. And, I pointed out the racial identification of the priest - as I pointed out the utterer of such a statement as being a priest - because it's more descriptive than "someone" and it might spur priests to ponder what THEY could speak out about, some truths that need saying publicly. And, for European Americans who are tired of hearing or reading of people of color complain about any number of matters as they try to get European Americans' attention to join in struggles for justice, perhaps identifying the priest as European American means, maybe, one reader will take his statement to heart who wouldn't otherwise.
And what about legitimate
And what about legitimate self-defense? Peter's concept of non-violence seems a little one-sided and naive. Can anyone prefer the Taliban and Saddam Hussein over democracy? (BTW, I am not so naive as to be optimistic about either Iraq or Afganistan's future.) A basic flaw in the whole pacifist idelogy is that it neglects the existence of the Devil. I think both Reinhold Niebuhr and the Eastern Church Fathers would concur with me on this.
“Love your enemy” presumes
“Love your enemy” presumes you have an enemy.
You show love to your enemy by causing no unnecessary harm to them. Rather than hoping for ill fortune on your enemy, you should pray that your enemy may someday be your friend. In the mean time, if you are forced to injure or kill your enemy in order to protect those you are responsible for, you shouldn’t celebrate. Rather you should express your regret that it had to come to this.
Not all actions of violence are done out of hate.
Phillip, I think that these
Phillip, I think that these are more complicated questions then your post suggests. The religious pacifists have prayer, fasting and other methods to fight evil, so I don't think it is accurate to say that "it neglects the existece of the Devil". The question I have struggled with is: Does war negate the esistence of Jesus as son of God?
LOVE THY ENEMY all the rest
LOVE THY ENEMY
all the rest is gravy
thanks for reminding us, and giving this truth one small space upon what is left of this ecclesial raft which was NCR.
Fr. Futher. La non-violence
Fr. Futher. La non-violence active prétend empêcher la transformation des conflits en violence. L’option pour la non-violence active, c’est l’actualisation dans notre existence de l’exigence universelle de la conscience raisonnable qui s’est exprimée par l’impératif : « Tu ne tueras pas ». Comment comprendre cela ?
Fr. Julien. Effectivement, la non-violence active dit qu’un conflit est naturel, normal et neutre ; que c’est la manière dont nous nous comportons dans le conflit qui le développe en violence ou en harmonie. Et, dans la plupart des cas, les hommes, les sociétés et les nations résolvent les conflits par la violence. Dès lors la non-violence active s’assigne le rôle d’enseigner la transformation positive des conflits. Cela est fait de la non-violence active une idée neuve. Nul n’ignore que la violence tue, qu’elle appelle la violence et défigure l’homme. Cela est sans exception pour tous les hommes. C’est le fondement de la règle d’or : « Ne fais pas à ton prochain ce que tu n’aimerais pas qu’on fasse pour toi ! » C’est pourquoi l’interdit du meurtre est ancré dans la conscience de tout homme qui lui dit : « fais ceci, ne fais pas cela ». La question qu’il faut poser maintenant concernerait l’explication des meurtres perpétrés ici et là. Le fait que l’homme est libre constitue la possibilité de faire le mal. Et une fois que sa conscience est corrompue soit par un intérêt égoïste soit par une idéologie, l’homme peut commettre le meurtre. De là vient que le boulot de la non-violence active consiste essentiellement à éclairer la conscience de l’homme, l’aider à faire de bons choix pour lui et pour l’humanité.
Fr. Futher. Frère Julien, en Afrique, la famille est le lieu d’épanouissement de l’homme, de tous les membres de la famille, de tout le village. Quel est votre avis par rapport à la non-violence active dans la vie de la famille ?
Fr. Julien. La famille est le lieu d’épanouissement dans la mesure où elle est le lieu d’accueil des hommes et des femmes de paix. Par hommes et femmes de paix, je n’entends pas des anges mais des humains capables d’accepter la différence, de supporter les vulnérabilités des uns et des autres, ouverts à la grâce du pardon. Cela ne peut être appris et vécu qu’en famille ou dans une communauté en bonne et due forme. C’est pourquoi je crois que la famille est le lieu propice à l’éducation à la non-violence active. Normalement, à la naissance, l’homme est accueilli dans une famille qui habite un village ou une ville ayant une tradition particulière. A cette étape de la vie, le nouveau né n’a rien sinon les potentialités d’être intégré dans le milieu naturel. Cette intégration passe par l’éducation et l’instruction. Aussi, l’éducation s’étend-elle sur toute la vie d’un individu par les rites d’initiation, les expériences religieuses, les idéologies de l’époque et par les mentalités. Au vrai, c’est en famille que toute acquisition s’expérimente
Aujourd’hui la famille, à l’occurrence les parents et les éducateurs ont une responsabilité plus grave que par le passé. Cela est du au fait qu’il y a un déséquilibré criant entre les principes éducationnels et l’évolution de la formation du caractère de l’éduqué. Ce déséquilibre est lié surtout aux contextes dans lequel nos enfants naissent et grandissent ; je pense particulièrement au cas des mineurs enrôlés dans l’armée. C’est une injection des gens armés sans formation dans la société. Je mentionne en passant le contexte actuel qui offre aux enfants la possibilité d’accéder aux produits médiatiques qui ne sont pas toujours sains ! C’est faire violence aux enfants et rendre un mauvais service à la société toute entière. Il y a donc un défi lancé à la société et aux familles : être en mesure de procurer une éducation qui ne recourt plus à la violence quelque soit sa forme. C’est à ce prix que la société peut espérer un avenir meilleur et solidaire. Une des méthodes appliquées par la commission Justice et paix au Rwanda consiste à former des « maisons de paix », comparables à la famille restreinte, ces maisons de paix se regroupent en leur tour en « villages de paix » qui constituent la grande « famille de paix ». Dans chacune de ces entités, il est question de découvrir ensemble la non-violence active et essayer de lui donner un corps en vivant de ses principes au quotidien. C’est ainsi que les hommes de paix entendent changer le monde : en transformant l’entourage par un témoignage vivant.
Fr. Futher. Je suis particulièrement heureux de votre témoignage de la non-violence active. Nous avons tous été témoins de la crise postélectorale en Côte d’Ivoire. Comment la non-violence active peut-elle être une force au service de la paix et de la réconciliation ?
Fr. Julien. Que la Côte d’Ivoire ait connu la crise ne devrait pas être une honte pour le peuple ivoirien. Cependant persévérer dans les erreurs qui ont conduit à la crise sera propre à nous faire honte. C’est pourquoi, c’est un devoir de tous et chacun d’inventer les solutions adaptées à nos problèmes. L’un des instruments qui est à notre disposition, c’est la non-violence active. La non-violence active a fait son chemin et sa victoire sur les aléas de l’histoire et les vicissitudes de la vie ne fait que confirmer sa force. Les exemples de l’histoire suffisent pour démontrer que l’avenir de la Côte d’Ivoire, pour reprendre les paroles de Gandhi, l’avenir tient à l’adoption de la non-violence. La non-violence active est le moyen efficace pour faire valoir les droits politiques et économiques de tous ceux qui sont opprimés et exploités. La logique de la non-violence active ne fait pas acception des personnes, ne distingue pas les vaincus des vainqueurs, ne confond pas l’homme à ses actes, promeut le pardon, se passionne de la vérité et de la justice. Je crois qu’une telle logique est à même d’éclairer la volonté des leaders politiques de ce pays, des agents sociaux et pastoraux, des responsables des confessions religieuses, des artistes, des éducateurs pour une conjugaison des efforts dans la recherche de la paix et le processus de la réconciliation. Que nous ne nous fassions pas d’illusion : nos propres traditions, nos croyances, les stratégies qui ont été efficaces dans d’autres contextes que le nôtre ne nous donneront jamais des réponses faites à nos problèmes ; elles inspirent plutôt notre intelligence, notre inventivité pour penser et mettre en place des solutions adéquates aux problèmes qui sont les nôtres ici et maintenant.
Fr. Futher. Quels conseils pouvez-vous prodiguer aux amis auditeurs et auditrices de notre radio ?
Fr. Julien. Aux auditeurs et auditrices de la radio Espoir, particulièrement ceux et celles qui suivent cette émission, je voudrais adresser un seul mot. Croyants comme non-croyants, n’agissez plus comme si vous n’aviez jamais entendu qu’il existe un mode de résolution des conflits qui ne prend jamais la violence ; c’est-à-dire la non-violence. Vous êtes désormais comme des ambassadeurs de la famille des artisans de paix dans vos milieux respectifs : vivez simplement mais quotidiennement selon l’esprit de la non-violence c’est-à-dire animés par l’amour de la vérité et de la justice, doués d’un respect absolu de la personne humaine, même celle de votre adversaire. Je suis convaincu que cela suffit pour changer votre milieu en havre de paix, un lieu où il fait vraiment bon vivre.
__._,_.___
Quite an amazing and
Quite an amazing and saddening story, Father J. A Catholic Church censoring one of the quintessential teachings of Jesus...wow. Without churches on Jesus's side, how will the indoctrination of the culture ever be overcome? I am reminded of the time I submitted a prayer of the faithful for the end to sexism and it was deleted from the list.
thank GOd this page remains
thank GOd this page remains for now on NCR.
very sorry to learn today the
very sorry to learn today the Reverend Father John Dear SJ will after all NOT be returning soon to his home state of New Mexico to give a joint retreat, and I really hope he may soon, due to my deep need of the peace he brings.
“Peter's vigil doesn't offer
“Peter's vigil doesn't offer any answers. It raises questions, beginning with the essential question on his sign. And Peter questions us: What do we say about Jesus' commandment? Do we support his commandment or do we reject it? And if we say we support it, what does that mean? How do we show active, unconditional love for the people of Afghanistan who are being targeted by our guns, our drones and our bombs?”
May I attempt an answer to these questions?
The key to the answer is: take a look at the way the Churches treat the poor.
Cardinal Claudio Hummes gives us some direction when he states: “A servant church must have as its priority solidarity with the poor,” he said. “The faith must express itself in charity and in solidarity, which is the civil form of charity,” Hummes said.
“Today more than ever, the church faces this challenge. In fact, effective solidarity with the poor, both individual persons and entire nations, is indispensable for the construction of peace. Solidarity corrects injustices, reestablishes the fundamental rights of persons and of nations, overcomes poverty and even resists the revolt that injustice provokes, eliminating the violence that is born with revolt and constructing peace.”
This close association with the poor is essential for world peace. May I suggest a way to practice this “solidarity” here in the USA?
A “preferential option for the poor” should be maintained in our Catholic
Schools. If we find that we cannot afford to keep our schools open to the
poor, the schools should be closed and the resources used for something else
which can be kept open to the poor. We cannot allow our Church to become a
church primarily for the middle-class and rich while throwing a bone to the
poor. The priority should be given to the poor even if we have to let the
middle-class and rich fend for themselves.
Practically speaking, the Catholic Schools must close and the resources
used for “Confraternity of Christian Doctrine” and other programs which can
be kept open to the poor. Remember, the Church managed without Catholic
Schools for centuries. We can get along without them today. The essential
factor is to cultivate enough Faith to act in the Gospel Tradition, namely,
THE POOR GET PRIORITY. The rich and middle-class are welcome too. But the
poor come first. (William Horan — w.horan@comcast.net.)
Fr. John and anyone else
Fr. John and anyone else who's interested: Why don't we start an initiative to have pastors instruct their congregations on the Just War Doctrine, as outlined in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (Section 2309)? That would be a much less controversial proposition -- since, regardless of ones particular views about any of the recent wars, it is undeniable that Catholics and Christians have not engaged in the kind of prayerful deliberation that a decision to make wars demands.
And if that fails, hand out the information outside parish churches?
Related link:
Why Doesn’t the Catholic Church Follow the Just War Doctrine?
http://wp.me/pO9h-e6
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