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Saints and today's church
This coming Saturday, Jan. 30, is the day of death of one of the 20th century's spiritual giants. He has never been canonized, however, nor even put on the canonical track leading to canonization.
This individual, though not a Christian, was, in the literal meaning of the word, a martyr (or "witness") for peace and reconciliation. He was a Hindu holy man and modern pioneer of non-violent resistance, who inspired many others, including the American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., to follow this same path against all odds.
His name is Mohandas Gandhi, who was assassinated in 1948 by a young Hindu fanatic.
An apostolic delegate to the United States once praised Gandhi as a "naturally Christian" person. To be sure, the Vatican's representative intended his remark as a compliment to Gandhi, but in fact it was not.
The assumption was, and still is, among many Christians that only Christians can live a highly moral, even saintly, life. Whatever is good and holy in the world must be claimed somehow by the church.
All else is a form of "anonymous Christianity," one of the few insights of the great theologian Jesuit Fr. Karl Rahner that happily never caught on.
If Gandhi's life taught us anything, it is that God's presence, which is the basis of all holiness, is not limited to any religious community, including the church.
God is the loving Creator and Redeemer of all humanity. The Holy Spirit blows wherever the Spirit wills. Grace is offered to everyone.
Jan. 30 also marks the entrance into eternal glory of Joseph Columba Marmion, the Irish-born abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Maredsous in Belgium from 1901 until his death in 1923.
Abbot Marmion was one of the most influential spiritual writers and spiritual directors of the early 20th century. His was a Catholic spirituality that was well ahead of its time, rooted in the Bible and the liturgy of the Church and centered on the mystery of Christ.
Marmion's major works included Christ: the Life of the Soul and Christ in His Mysteries. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II on Sept. 3, 2000, the same day on which Pope John XXIII was also beatified.
On Jan. 31, the church celebrates the feast of John Bosco, who died in 1888 and who is best known for his pastoral and educational work with boys and young men. Today, unfortunately, his special ministry to boys might have raised suspicions about him, so much have the times changed because of the sex-abuse scandal in the priesthood.
Don Bosco was the founder of the Society of St. Francis de Sales, more commonly known as the Salesian order. It is a religious community that some would say has exercised a significant, even excessive, influence in the pontificates of John Paul II and Benedict XVI.
The current Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, is a Salesian. He was formerly then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger's number-two man in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. When Bertone left to become archbishop of Genoa, Cardinal Ratzinger named another Salesian, Archbishop Angelo Amato, to replace him.
There have been in recent years at least seven Salesian cardinals, including Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga of Honduras, known for his progressive views on social justice issues and much talked about as a possible Third-World candidate for the papacy in 2005. But he was also a controversial figure for having denounced the U.S. media's focus on the sexual-abuse scandal in the Catholic priesthood.
There are also some 116 Salesian bishops -- far more than any other religious order in the church. In addition, 15 Salesians occupy policy-level Vatican positions and 24 others serve as consultors or as members of various Vatican academies and commissions.
In 2004 Pope John Paul II broke with a centuries-old tradition and appointed a woman, a Salesian nun, as under-secretary of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life -- the same Congregation that is currently conducting a "visitation" of U.S. religious communities of women.
According to reports, some 40,000 mourners filed past Don Bosco's body as it lay in state, and it was said that virtually the whole population of Turin lined the streets of the city as the funeral cortege passed.
On a lighter note, Feb. 1 is the feast of Brigid of Kildare, one of the patron saints of Ireland. Among her legendary, and stereotypically Irish, exploits were distributing butter (a sign of prosperity in Irish culture) to the poor and changing bathwater into beer to satisfy the thirst of priests who were visiting her monastery.
© 2010 Richard P. McBrien. All rights reserved. Fr. McBrien is the Crowley-O'Brien Professor of Theology at the University of Notre Dame.






Some claim that St. Bridget
Some claim that St. Bridget was actually ordained and consecrated a bishop by St. Patrick. If true, that sure beats turning bathwater into beer!
No, that's actually pure
No, that's actually pure unhistorical speculation. She was never a bishop or a priest(ess?).
such is so much of our
such is so much of our hagiography, both ancient and modern.
The only reliable source, the most reliable reference, is the Reverend Father Richard P. McBrien's scholarly work: Lives of the Saints: From Mary and Francis of Assisi to John XXIII and Mother Teresa
Is it also true that St.
Is it also true that St. Bridget was part of the Guinness clan?
I think it unfortunate that
I think it unfortunate that the Rahnerian notion of the "anonymous Christian" is being castigated in this post. To say that all salvation somehow flows through the work of Christ and the Holy Spirit, even if in some covert fashion, in no wise denigrates the beauty and reality of "Great Souls" such as Ghandi, and others who are clearly objects of God's Grace. This is not a matter of the church "claiming" these good people for itself as much as articulating a vision of Grace that undergirds the church itself, as well as all of creation.
I do hope we can grant to Fr. Rahner his due in formulating this blessed insight, something that was indeed later expanded upon in "Dominus Iesus" a decade ago. There is ultimately One Fount of Salvation in the world, but it flows through numerous tributaries; and the church is uniquely blessed to have an explicit relationship with the Lord of All Grace. To say as much does not, in my opinion, diminish the reality and richness of lives of witness whose relationship with this Lord is of a more implicit character.
Well said!
Well said!
The Anonymous Bridge of
The Anonymous Bridge of Perception
Fr. Rahner tried to bridge the gap between Catholic faith and reason. When faced with the belief of Christ's Absolute centrality and universality in the History of Redemption, he rejected the previous belief 'non salvation outside the church' to include those outside the Church in God's redemptive plan. His explanation was to help change a way of perceiving the 'other' - a passage from a rejection of the other unless baptised to inclusion of the other even if not baptised. His attempt was a more Christian outlook than the first.
However, his 'anonymous proposal' was not intended to be propagated as official universal teaching. It was an explanation for Catholics alone. It was a way of giving Catholics a unitary vision so as to make Catholic faith understandable in a world that is far bigger and complex than itself. Plainly speaking, it was a 'way of looking' at the world through 'Catholic spectacles' that did not condemn the non-Catholic but saw him/her as different and yet one-in-Christ, the Christ at the centre of Catholic faith.
It is true that such a view by a catholic can be abused: a closed way of seeing the other, a patronising or condescending view of the other or a sheer exercise in triumphalism. I do not think Fr. Rahner is responsible for any of these misinterpretations.
A wonderful book about Bl.
A wonderful book about Bl. Columba Marmion was written by Dom Mark Tierney, O.S.B., of Glenstal Abbey, Limerick, who is vice-postulator for the cause for canonization.
http://www.amazon.com/Blessed-Columba-Marmion-Short-Biography/dp/0814627560
This is an account of one of Dom Marion's miracles:
http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Healed+monk+divine+intervention/1779928...
Blessed Columba's books can
Blessed Columba's books can be purchased here:
http://www.zaccheuspress.com/
They are otherwise quite difficult to find in English.
Can't afford to buy a $171.11
Can't afford to buy a $171.11 150-page paperback. Doubt that Marmion would want me to.
Agree that Dom Marmion would
Agree that Dom Marmion would not want you to spend $171.11 for his vice-postulator's lovely little book. His attitude towards money:
"On one occasion, having saved up a fairly large sum of money for a holiday, he heard of a poor woman who had incurred a heavy debt, and was being pressed for payment by her creditors. He spent a whole night wondering if he should make a personal sacrifice. With the consent of his parents, he gave the money to the poor woman and got her out of her difficulties. He then willingly postponed his holiday."
(He was still in the seminary at Clonliffe, North Dublin. He was already regarded as saintly by his fellow seminarians. He was devoted to St. John Berchmans and meditated on Berchmans' saying, "If I do not become a saint when I am young, I will never become one.")
Dom Mark's excellent book can be found at these libraries:
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45879178&referer=brief_results
And at AbeBooks, used:
http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?an=tierney&kn=marmion&sts=...
Hurray for Brigid! My sort of
Hurray for Brigid! My sort of Saint!
But would it not be rather nice if the church could bring itself to celebrate the holiness of those not in the Church, or adopt the saints of the Orthodox Church.
Seems we never quite got the lesson from Acts where Peter had the vision and reached the conclusion that "whoever does good, of whatever nation (or church) is pleasing to God" concerning the Roman "pagan" Cornelius.
There is an awful confusion:
There is an awful confusion: Christians in the orthodox churches most definitely are in Communion with us CAtholics , and so are Jesus' disciples in the Protestant churches. And so are those who "are coming to Jesus and the Church" like Cornelius.
Yet since it is Jesus who bring the Lost and Proud Humanity to the Father, I feel we should not mix up those who turned to Jesus with the others who ignored Him or who were unfortunately ignorant of His message of salvation. We just do not know how the good Pagans will be saved.
In any case it is not up to us to sit at Jesus's feet and tell the world WHO will be placed at this right and who at his left.
Let us pray for all...and let the Pharisians distribute the Medals.
"The assumption was, and
"The assumption was, and still is, among many Christians that only Christians can live a highly moral, even saintly, life."
- I'm not sure how widespread this really is. I recommend all read the II Vatican Council Document LUMEN GENTIUM for a good description of what the Church teaches on this, particularly paragraphs 14-16. The catechism also has a good, and much shorter description starting on paragraph 846. As for the assumption itself, I would point to myself first as a proof against it, as I regularly fail rather spectacularly at living a fully Catholic life. (prayers would be much appreciated!)
"Today, unfortunately, his special ministry to boys might have raised suspicions about him, so much have the times changed because of the sex-abuse scandal in the priesthood."
- VERY TRUE FATHER! This frusterates me to no end. It is so sad to see people who truly are interested in helping boys and young men grow in into the fullness of Catholic manhood eyed with automatic suspicion by so many. Hopefully this will soon fade away, but I'm not counting on it.
I don't see that fading any
I don't see that fading any time in my lifetime or anyone's lifetime. Agreed it is a sad thing when any male interested in boys (priests, scoutmasters, teachers etc) is held in suspicion but
it is what it is. For priests this was brought on by criminal bishops and heads of religious orders (The Salesians in California paid 19 million in just a few abuse cases and they'll surely be paying more). The church still does not get it; still does not realize the harm done. Dolan, George, Rigali operate as if this was all over with, that they can go back to the old ways of operating when "father knew best", when nuns were in their convents or in the rectories cooking breakfast.
I'm no theologian, but I
I'm no theologian, but I believe that the teaching that the Church is the "universal sacrament of salvation" (quote from Lumen Gentium) is very consistent (Unitatis Redintegratio quotes its as well as Dominus Iesus and the Catechism)
Fr. Karl Rahner's teaching appears to agree with this teaching by harmonizing it with "anonymous Christians" but your article implies you don't agree with it with the quote:
"it is that God's presence, which is the basis of all holiness, is not limited to any religious community, including the church"
Maybe I'm misinterpreting your article.
The quote is quite accurate.
The quote is quite accurate. Don't judge by the source! God's grace is not restricted to the Catholic sacramental system. However, the sacramental system is the normative way for grace to be received. Besides that many in the false religions like Hinduism are still stuck in Original Sin. The same applies to the Jews. However, St Thomas Aquinas taught that non-Christians who make their first moral choice for God receive the remission of Original Sin by a implicit baptism of desire.
Those who remain in Original Sin can never receive sanctifying (saving) grace until & if this sin is remitted. For Christians a perfect contrition will remove the stain of mortal sin & fill the soul with sanctifying grace. The same applies to pagans if the Original Sin has been remitted. Of course this only applies to pagans who believe in the one true God. If not the God of Revelation at least the God of reason. The God of reason & Revelation is the same God. Also, belief in the one true God carries with it an implicit belief in Christ.
The implicit belief in Christ is the ticket as it were for non-Christians to be saved. They are saved by Christ's act on the Cross & through the Catholic Church, the one true Church. The irony is that many of today's Catholics who deny truths of faith are outside the mystical Body of Christ & cannot be saved. This happens when one loses the virtue of faith by sinning against this virtue.
For example all those Catholic women & wimpy men who advocate for priestesses will be damned unless they repent of their denial of an infallible doctrine.
Trumpeter Mary the Mother of
Trumpeter Mary the Mother of God was the first Priest. Protest and threaten all you like it won't change the facts you and other wimpy men try to deny. The Holy Spirit is out of the birdcage on that one and you can't stop Her. Screaming hell and damnation while hiding behind Jesus and the church doesn't impress anyone but Satan. BTW Hilary Clinton is
the best!!!
Thank you for your comment.
Thank you for your comment. Yet, God's nature, as you discribe it, is very different than the God I believe in. You can insult and call me a "wimpy" man, if it pleases you. None-the-less, I am at peace and believe that we are both part of the mystical body of Christ. I wish you peace as well.
Trumpter 26 Jan: "... all
Trumpter 26 Jan: "... all those Catholic women & wimpy men who advocate for priestesses will be damned unless they repent of their denial of an infallible doctrine."
-----------
Did Jesus say this? As far as I can recall it's "The Kingdom of God is near; repent and believe in the good news" and "Be damned for I was hungry and you gave me no food, thirsty and you gave me no drink, imprisoned and you didn't visit me, naked and you didn't clothe me."
I am dumbfounded by your
I am dumbfounded by your words - You seem to reduce the human-divine relationship to a legal contract where everything is spelled out and agreed upon. I don't know how you con speak so confidently to know the mind of God.For me God is a wonderful expanding mystery we grow into
Many bishops proposed Martin
Many bishops proposed Martin Luther King be nominated for sainthood because he was an exemplary Christian like no other in the twentieth century. He was not a Roman Catholic but he almost overcame that barrier. I hope we are moving toward an era where we do elevate saints from other Christian Communions, even if they are not Roman Catholics. After all is said and done, the earliest understanding of "saints" was that they were Christians who just tried a little harder to be shinning examples of disciples of Christ by their words, deeds and love. The whole process becomes highly suspicious and without credibility in many cases, when "miracles" became the standard to call a person a saint. That's where the Catholic Church went way off the tracks and became the object of ridicule by many Christians, both Catholic and non-Catholic.
Yes, indeed, Martin inspired
Yes, indeed, Martin inspired much change for the good; but, so did Ronald Reagan, another exemplary christian like no other in the twentieth century. Nominating those types of figures for civil recognition is ok, but a cause for sainthood is an entirely different paradigm.
What???????????? Ronald
What???????????? Ronald Reagen was an exemplary Christian??? I cannot for the life of me reconcile that one, RWR. How do you?
Try stretching to the right
Try stretching to the right and challenging to the left to begin your process of balance. Once you can hold at least two seemingly contradictory ideas in your mind as truth, then you will be able to reconcile what appears to be contradictory. Good luck.
Kindly accept as your lectio
Kindly accept as your lectio divina this Lenten season of repentance the excellent hagiographical treatise from the Reverend Father John Dear SJ:
You Will Be My Witnesses: Saints, Prophets, And Martyrs
2 things: 1. How can someone
2 things:
1. How can someone be a saint if they did not believe in Jesus Christ and His Church? How can the Church publicly declare someone a saint who denied the Eucharist and the priesthood?
2. Martin Luther King was not someone of good moral fiber when it came to his personal life.
Number one: Please cite your
Number one: Please cite your source for these denials.
Number two: based on what: J. Edgar Hoover?
Saint Bridget therefore in
Saint Bridget therefore in her miraculous offering to that priestly visitation offers us a solution to the on-going inquisition.
When they come, get them drunk . . .
As Benedictine (in ancient times itself a highly influential order, and in its depth, flexibility and stability our future hope) I suggest the account of the visitation by Our Holy Father Saint Benedict to Saint Scholastica's congregation of women religious. In the end, he obeyed her.
This article has no focus.
This article has no focus.
Read it again. Perhaps it
Read it again.
Perhaps it would help going back to read some forty years of his opus.
Last night for example I was considering carefully his 1977 Dimension Book entitled In Search of God and found it quite focusing in our quest for God, who is all Love. The theological research methodology described in the Appendix is most focusing, and comprehensible, and never out-dated.
If Fr. McBrien believes
If Fr. McBrien believes Gandhi should be canonized, he needs to study "Dominus Iesus". There is a good reason why non-Christians are not eligible for canonization: they aren't Christian! Saints are exemplars of Christian holiness. If Fr. McBrien can't get something as simple as that right, one wonders whether his judgment should be trusted on weightier, more complicated matters.
Since Wojtyla turned the
Since Wojtyla turned the canonized Communion of Saints into a bubble gum card All Stars collection, eliminating the Devil's Advocate office of skeptical prosecutor and streamlining the process, being officially named a saint ain't what it used to be, but if you consider this to be a weighty and complicated matter, then I say what the hey!
But then again I'm still stuck on that weighty and complicated matter of "Love thy enemy!"
Thank God for forty years of the Reverend Father Richard P. McBrien's reliable, clear and faithful explication of our Faith in Jesus Christ.
I am astonished at the relevance and great value here today of his 1977 Dimension Book In Search of God currently on high rotation in the hermitage here. Read it!
Charles: proper names for the
Charles: proper names for the pope and clergy, remember?
". . . so much have the times
". . . so much have the times changed because of the sex-abuse scandal in the priesthood."
Times haven't changed at all. The same issues have been present all along. See, e.g., Sex, Priests, and Secret Codes: The Catholic Church's 2,000 Year Paper Trail of Sexual Abuse, by Thomas P. Doyle and A.W. Richard Sipe.
Sorry, dear Father, but
Sorry, dear Father, but Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was not a Hindu. He was a Jain, a sect preaching non-violence . Consequently, his was a non-violent ethos, but he also used to beat his wife, according to informed sources.
Posthumous calumny is the
Posthumous calumny is the most unbecoming of all.
In fact, our local Apache would not dare speak even the name of a deceased, including their most renowned Geronimo.
Which sources are these of this news not previously seen. Certainly she shared with him his celibacy, and in the film, Candace Bergen's character asks her if this "rankles," but does this constitute the beating your source alleges?
Seems very out of character, and opposite to the Jain.
You may wish to review the excellent article at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism
and consider carefully the second of these, from that page:
==============================================================
There are five basic ethical principles (vows) prescribed. The degree to which these principles must be practiced is different for renunciant and householder. Thus:
* Non-violence (Ahimsa) - to cause no harm to living beings.
* Truth (Satya) - to always speak the truth in a harmless manner.
* Non-stealing (Asteya) - to not take anything that is not willingly given.
* Celibacy (Brahmacarya) - to not indulge in sensual pleasures.
* Non-possession (Aparigraha) - to detach from people, places, and material things.
Ahimsa, "Non-violence", is sometimes interpreted as not killing, but the concept goes far beyond that. It includes not harming or insulting other living beings, either directly, or indirectly through others. There can be even no room for thought to injure others, and no speech that influences others to inflict harm.[19] It also includes respecting the views of others (non-absolutism and acceptance of multiple views).
Satya, "truthfulness", is also to be practiced by all people. Given that non-violence has priority, all other principles yield to it, whenever there is a conflict. For example, if speaking truth will lead to violence, it is perfectly ethical to be silent. Thiruvalluvar in his Tamil classic devotes an entire chapter clarifying the definition of 'truthfulness'.
Asteya, "non-stealing", is the strict adherence to one's own possessions, without desire to take another's. One should remain satisfied by whatever is earned through honest labour. Any attempt to squeeze others and/or exploit the weak is considered theft. Some of the guidelines for this principle are:
* Always give people fair value for labor or product.
* Never take things which are not offered.
* Never take things that are placed, dropped or forgotten by others
* Never purchase cheaper things if the price is the result of improper method (e.g. pyramid scheme, illegal business, stolen goods, etc.)
Brahmacarya, "monastic celibacy", is the complete abstinence from sex, which is only incumbent upon monastics. Householders practice monogamy as a way to uphold brahmacarya in spirit.[20]
Aparigraha, "non-possession", is the renunciation of property and wealth, before initiation into monkhood, without entertaining thoughts of the things renounced. This is done so one understands how to detach oneself from things and possessions, including home and family, so one may reach moksa.[21] For householders, non-possession is owning without attachment, because the notion of possession is illusory. The reality of life is that change is constant; thus, objects owned by someone today will be property of someone else in future days. The householder is encouraged to discharge his or her duties to related people and objects as a trustee, without excessive attachment.
Posthumous calumny is the
Posthumous calumny is the most unbecoming of all.
So what does this say of all your comments about Pope John Paul II and Pope Pius XII??
It says you anonymously and
It says you anonymously and even eagerly misread what I wrote about the venerable Pope Pius XII.
Every source that I have
Every source that I have checked, including auto-biographical, identifies Gandhi as a Hindu albeit raised by a Jain mother. Of course, we all know he was more than a Hindu.
Labelling people especially
Labelling people especially according to their cultural of religious upbringing simply avoids a basic truth for all. Gandhi was first and foremost a Holy son of God . . . . . as sure as we also are Holy sons and daughters of God - capable of many unholy acts.
And one part of whose ashes
And one part of whose ashes were scattered this weekend in the waters of the port near Durban, the South African city where he worked so effectively for minority rights before returning to India with his family, this ritual done in memory of the 62nd anniversary of his martyrdom for nonviolent resolutions.
Thank you for reminding us of
Thank you for reminding us of Ghandi's passing at the end of this month. A cause for Ghandi would be most interesting. Perhaps we ought to first wait for his religion to recognize his saintliness, or enlightenment. Then proceed from there.
Gandhi was a virtuous pagan -
Gandhi was a virtuous pagan - and if he's in heaven, he will have gotten there the same as any of us - by the saving poser of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
And this is way over the top: "On Jan. 31, the church celebrates the feast of John Bosco, who died in 1888 and who is best known for his pastoral and educational work with boys and young men. Today, unfortunately, his special ministry to boys might have raised suspicions about him, so much have the times changed because of the sex-abuse scandal in the priesthood."
Only a progressive recalcitrant would think such thoughts.
What "saving poser?" What's
What "saving poser?"
What's "progressive recalcitrant?"
My severely limiting literary incapacities want to know.
Don't act dumb frere charles.
Don't act dumb frere charles. You know full well that he meant to say "saving power."
As for "progressive recalcitrant": he is referring to Fr. McBrien's attempts to grasp for anything to bash the Church with. Insinuating that that a great saint may have been a pedophile is a low thing to do, even by Fr. Mcbrien's standards.
So when he is not telling people not to go to Church if they dislike what the pope is doing, mocking the TLM, or ridiculing people for participating in Eucharistic Adoration this is what he does?
What about saving peoples souls! I think Fr. McBrien's attitude is outrageous. You want to criticize and fight corruption in the Church? Fine, more power to you. I support such an endeavour. If that is your goal then you are like Francis of Assissi, Erasmus, Ignatius of Loyola, Benedict of Nursia or other saints (with the exception of Erasmus who was never canonized) who have done much the same thing.
Ghandi was, in my opinion, a truly saintly man in his behavior. Nevertheless, however, he cannot be canonized. I think the above poster who Frere Charles has responded to gave a good answer in regards to salvation and Ghandi.
Document this please. I read
Document this please. I read and have on order now much of his writings and I cannot discern to which you refer here.
But then I do suffer from a severely limiting literary incapacity.
No fooling!
A little help, please
What are you talking about?
frère charles du désert OSB OBLAT (Congrégation de Subiaco)
Typos. Mea culpa. Meant to
Typos. Mea culpa. Meant to type "saving power" and "progressive dissenting recalcitrant. Thanks for catching my mistakes.
oh, cool, because I do think
oh, cool, because I do think such thoughts, and so I wanted to be clear upon how you define me.
For certainly this gallicly tripartite appellation in no way applies to the Reverend Father Richard P. McBrien.
In fact the thoughts on obedience which one contemplates in his 1977 Dimension Book In Search of God are most edifying, this in the first section of Chapter Five, which includes reference to the Reverend Father Karl Rahner's lead essay in the collection: Obedience in the Church, and in no way indicate recalcitrance, dissent nor progression, rather careful reflection.
So wherever would you get such stuff from?
I would think instead of "saving poser" you would go whole hog and write the French "saving poseur" as more evocative of the kind of pretentiousness at play. Or you may insert the three missing letters and write "saving impostor" but then again one must wonder at the efficacy of the salvation. Simply a textual suggestion, as I do suffer from a severely limiting literary incapacity.
Thank you, Fr. McBrien, for
Thank you, Fr. McBrien, for stretching our minds and challenging our hearts!
Yes, thank you for the
Yes, thank you for the stretches to the left and the challenges to the right. Ghandi would have recommended additional stretches to the right and challenges to the left to balance the yoga exercise.
While a pretty rhetorical
While a pretty rhetorical conceit, I cannot find within it one supported by the text at hand.
Dear Fr. McBrien, I think you
Dear Fr. McBrien,
I think you may have overlooked the fact that Ghandi said he was inspired to his great acts of non-violent resistence by Jesus' Sermon on the Mount. If we or Ghandi are doing God's will, we are doing it because we are connected to the True Vine, Jesus - The Truth - who also gave us The Church about 2000 years ago. I find it amazing that even after all the corruptions, heresies, schisms, and scandals the Church continues to exist and prosper and spread the Good News - that preaches exactly what Ghandi was trying to accomplish in India and South Africa.
COINCIDENCE? "The current
COINCIDENCE?
"The current Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, is a Salesian. He was formerly then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger's number-two man in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. When Bertone left to become archbishop of Genoa, Cardinal Ratzinger named another Salesian, Archbishop Angelo Amato, to replace him.
There have been in recent years at least seven Salesian cardinals, including Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga of Honduras, known for his progressive views on social justice issues and much talked about as a possible Third-World candidate for the papacy in 2005. But he was also a controversial figure for having denounced the U.S. media's focus on the sexual-abuse scandal in the Catholic priesthood.
There are also some 116 Salesian bishops -- far more than any other religious order in the church. In addition, 15 Salesians occupy policy-level Vatican positions and 24 others serve as consultors or as members of various Vatican academies and commissions.
In 2004 Pope John Paul II broke with a centuries-old tradition and appointed a woman, a Salesian nun, as under-secretary of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life -- the same Congregation that is currently conducting a "visitation" of U.S. religious communities of women."
OR INSIDE TRACK?
http://search.bishop-accountability.org/search?ie=&q=salesian&site=ba-pr...
http://cityofangels3.blogspot.com/2007/10/guest-blog-salesians-record-ho...
"On Jan. 31, the church
"On Jan. 31, the church celebrates the feast of John Bosco, who died in 1888 and who is best known for his pastoral and educational work with boys and young men. Today, unfortunately, his special ministry to boys might have raised suspicions about him, so much have the times changed because of the sex-abuse scandal in the priesthood."
And with damn good reason:
http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/runawaypriests/ cf. PART I
http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/runawaypriests/ cf. PART II
"For example all those
"For example all those Catholic women & wimpy men who advocate for priestesses will be damned unless they repent of their denial of an infallible doctrine."
How quickly you are to condemn those with whom you disagree . . . .
Infallible doctrine... what nonsense!
You seem to overlook women, like Lydia, who were un-ordained priests in the early church.
You seem to overlook other women who were bishops (see the pictures of these women's tombs in the catacombs inscribed with the word for bishop) and women who were apostles (as mentioned in Acts) in the early church.
Is it not true that ordained priests weren't a part of the church until about 300 AD? What then could have prevented a woman like Lydia from inviting people to her house to do as Jesus had instructed ("Do this in memory of me.")? As the owner of the house, she would have been the presider for the meal, making her an un-ordained priest.
"You seem to overlook women,
"You seem to overlook women, like Lydia, who were un-ordained priests in the early church."
- un-ordained priest is a contradiction in term. And no, she wasn't a priest.
"You seem to overlook other women who were bishops (see the pictures of these women's tombs in the catacombs inscribed with the word for bishop)"
- There weren't any women bishops either. I know of one such you may be referring to, but she was actually the WIFE of the bishop. How about some proof and links, Bob? And please, don't try to toss up those that followed the heresy of Gnosticism like everyone else tries to do. They don't count, and never did.
"women who were apostles (as mentioned in Acts) in the early church."
- Women did indeed follow Christ. However, no women were of the 12, nor were any ordained.
"Is it not true that ordained priests weren't a part of the church until about 300 AD?"
- It is not true. Are you really claiming that Paul and Acts, in addition to a dozen some odd Church Fathers, in spite of ther historically verified dates, weren't written until after 300AD?
Sorry, but your
Sorry, but your argumentation, while noble, has some logical and factual loopholes. One cannot be an un-ordained priest. In the general meaning of the word, Holy Orders refers not specificically to the ritual or the induction into a place of ecclesiastical authority (both of which developed through time), but to the actual conferral of Sacramental Grace, which, if one is a Catholic, believes dates back to the Person of Jesus of Nazereth. So you used a confusion of terms.
Second, remember that Christians did not invent new terms for those to whom this Sacrament was conferredd, they used pre-existing terms -- Episcopus (Bishop-- meaning "overseer"), Presbyter (Priest -- "Elder"), and Diakonos (Deacon -- "Servant"), all of which could be used in a sacramental as well as a non-sacramental sense. Also, since celibacy, while the ideal according to St. Paul and Apostolic Tradition, was not strictly enforced, so far as I know, the wives of overseers, elders, or servants (either in the sacramental sense or in a broader, more secular sense), could also be given the title -- similar to how the wives of married clergy are addressed in the Christian east (Presbytra- the wife of a Greek priest, etc.) So references to female "bishops," or "priests" must be put in context, both historical (based on 1st century understanding of the words used) and theological (interpreting using Scripture, Tradition, and the Magisterium).
Also, with regard to St. Lydia "offering Mass." This is a supposition. First, "Do this in memory of me," has always had, (again, interpretting in light of the historical understanding of the Greek word "anamnesis" used in that context, and looking to the Traditions of the Church and writings of the Church Fathers), the implication of the Conferral of (what would come to be called) Sacramental Grace, consistent with the definition of Holy Orders I put forth earlier. The owner of a house might have often serve a meal in a 1st century Mediterranean culture, however to say that "Mass" was understood by them to be just a meal is not consistent with the writings of early Christians (such as St. Justin Martyr), and actually provides no evidence that St. Lydia presided over Eucharistic celebrations. To say she was an unordained priest -- that would mean nothing more than that she was an elder in the community, without any implication of a sacramental role. And if I have misunderstood your argument, I apologize.
Read Robert Ellsberg's book -
Read Robert Ellsberg's book - ALL SAINTS - for a complete picture
Regarding Fr. McBrien's
Regarding Fr. McBrien's posting, during the developing of the II Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, under the guidance of very holy and wise priests, mostly OP and MSpS, we were attent to the liturgy - Dom Marmion's experiences in reorganizing the readings, as well as Fr. Cipriano Vaggagini, OSB. Everybody in the world seemed to be experiencing these things except in the USA, and Dom Marmion seemed to represent the logical outcome. In other words, there was nothing new in the Vatican II - look up how the first working paper was entirely thrown out and everybody drew up a paper based on experience not experiments (I believe the U.S. bishops were one of only a handful of groups that actually approved the document thrown out by the absolute majority. The concilar bishops also discussed the Christian commitment of Ghandi - yes, he is a Christian - he was reading the Gospel according to St. Matthew when he was killed. This implies a tradition millenia old in the Church. Something to think about!
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