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Trent launches world revolution in theology
Five centuries ago, Trent launched a revolution in Catholic life. The famous council that met in this northern Italian enclave from 1545 to 1563 engineered the Counter Reformation, thus equipping Catholicism to respond to the most significant megatrend of the day: the Protestant Reformation and the dissolution of Christendom.
It just may be that in the summer of 2010, Trent did it again.
That, at least, was the ambition of a July 24-27 gathering of nearly 600 Catholic ethicists and moral theologians, representing four continents and 73 countries. They came together under the aegis of “Catholic Theological Ethics in the World Church,” for a conference titled “In the Currents of History: From Trent to the Future.”
Participants say the event both symbolized and advanced another Catholic revolution, this one methodological: In an era in which two-thirds of the Catholics in the world live outside Europe and North America, theology can only be done in a global key.
“Historically, there’s been a lot of nationalism deeply embedded in how we train, study and work,” said Jesuit Fr. James Keenan of Boston College, the architect of the gathering in Trent. Keenan spearheaded efforts to raise more than $700,000 to ensure that theologians from developing countries were strongly represented.
“Today, there’s a new Catholicity taking shape,” Keenan said. “We recognize that we have to be voices with others, not just for others.”
The turnout included more than 200 theologians from the developing world, almost 150 “new scholars” (meaning recent doctorate recipients), and a few of the best theological minds in the European hierarchy, including Archbishops Bruno Forte of Chieti-Vasto, Italy, and Reinhard Marx of Munich and Freising, Germany, along with Bishop Karl Golser of Bolzano-Bressanone, Italy. It offered a dramatic visual expression of how much the theological guild has changed since the Council of Trent, as half the theologians were laity and at least 200 were women.
That sense of being part of a global community became the leitmotif.
“The most important fruit of Trent is not so much a new agenda for theology, but a new way of doing theology,” said Jesuit Fr. Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, a Nigerian who teaches at Hekima College Jesuit School of Theology and Institute of Peace Studies and International Relations in Nairobi, Kenya.
“It’s about having the kind of conversation that allows us to move forward as a world church, not just one small corner of the world,” said Orobator, who was on the planning committee for Trent.
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The gathering built upon an earlier summit of ethicists and theologians organized by Keenan in Padua, Italy, in July 2006. Both events responded to what is arguably the most important seismic shift in Catholicism today, which is the emergence of what analysts call a “world church.”
At the dawn of the 20th century, there were 266 million Catholics in the world, concentrated in Europe and North America, so that the church’s demographic profile was roughly what it was at the time of the Council of Trent. Just a century later, there were 1.1 billion Catholics in the world, with two-thirds living in the global South. The projection is that by midcentury, three-quarters of all Catholics will reside in the Southern Hemisphere.
A shift to a global way of doing theology has at least three immediate implications, according to participants.
First, it means greater attentiveness to diversity of all sorts in the church.
“It’s very comfortable to just stay with like-minded theologians,” said Agnes Brazal of the Philippines. “But if we are to prevent increasing polarization in the church, we need to engage in what we can call an ‘intrareligious’ dialogue.”
Such a dialogue, Brazal said, must include “greater inclusion of women, theologians from the South, young scholars, and the participation of representatives from other faiths.”
The assembly included 88 female theologians. To ensure the presence of African women at Trent, scholarships were awarded to seven women doing advanced studies in theological ethics in Uganda, Kenya, Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Second, a global method means a broader sense of what the issues in theology are. Jesuit Fr. Andrea Vicini, an Italian bioethicist, flagged five key themes that emerged in Trent:
- Human dignity (and not just in the context of health care and “life” issues);
- Justice (North/South, but also within cultures);
- The environment;
- New technologies;
- The position of persons within institutions.
Third, doing theology in a global key means that no matter what the issue may be, it’s simply impossible to think about them exclusively from one’s own national or regional perspective.
“We can’t use one narrative as the paradigm for what is going on,” Keenan said. “If I’m writing on Catholicism and citizenship, I can’t just look at the American experience. I need to hear how they’re thinking about these issues in Ukraine, and in Italy, and in Brazil.”
Brazal, however, stressed that the transition to a global method in Catholic theology is a work in progress. “Oftentimes theologians from the South are expected to provide the ‘context,’ meaning the examples, while theologians from the North are in charge of the theoretical frameworks,” she said.
A truly global theological method, Brazal said, will have to overcome that inequity.
Orobator said, “It’s no longer just the North that teaches values or norms, but it’s becoming a really global conversation.”
Going forward, Keenan said he doesn’t foresee another massive global conference in the near future. Instead, he wants to focus on building networks so that cross-border conversation becomes systematic. That likely means greater use of communications technologies and other “virtual” ways of connecting, Keenan said.
[John L. Allen Jr. is NCR senior correspondent. His e-mail address is jallen@ncronline.org.]
NCR coverage of the meeting of moral theologians in Trent.
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Sounds like a liberal love
Sounds like a liberal love fest to me! Hardly fitting that it should be held in Trent, the site of that most holy Council of Trent. I mean this is about theology isn't it? So why don't they talk about God? Look at the breakout of five, where is God?
What they really are about is hominology (forgive the Latin attempt!) - the study of man. For the moderns, liberals & heretics, humankind is god. Sad, that this is the Catholic Church today.
This was a conference on
This was a conference on moral theology and ethics - not one examining doctrinal questions or issues...Sad that you don't make the distinction....
Hey, folks, let's remember
Hey, folks, let's remember the ancient precept quoted by Fr. Curran at the Trent conference: "We are all called to put flesh and blood on the ancient axiom, 'In necessariis, unitas; in dubiis, libertas; in omnibus, caritas.' ('In necessary matters, unity; in doubtful matters, freedom; in all things, charity.') A few of these responses don't sound so full of charity. And that is moral precept #1--from Paul, the Gospels, and all the moral teaching of the church. Let's remember to always respond in charity; the person we are responding to is listening to the Spirit within, the same as you are.
Note: this is not especially a response to Searching, but to many of the comments and replies that I've seen in response to this article and others.
The Church's teaching
The Church's teaching pertains to both faith & morality. Morality pertains to God's moral law. So moral questions do relate to God. If the conference is about moral theology then why isn't the oxymoron of "gay" marriage being addressed? It could well become law in the US given the recent federal intervention into the CA case. Not likely in my legal opinion but still possible given the 5-4 liberal majority on the Court. Five because Kennedy while a moderate is a reliable vote for the gay agenda.
Then there is the question of the breakdown of the family in Western society. Why is that not being addressed?
Then there is the life issue which includes not only the questions of abortion & stem cell research but assisted suicide.
Then there is the question of greed as exemplified in the abuse scandal. The tort system in the US is simply a disgrace. There is no way to justify the money being handed out in claims.
& so on & so forth!
The agenda they set out seems like it is skewed to the left or just a waste of time. Take your pick!
Human dignity? How about human responsibility?
The environment is an issue for the state.
New technologies? Say what? So long as they don't contravene God's law (like cloning) there is nothing wrong with them.
The payouts would have been a
The payouts would have been a lot less but for the punitive damages assessed aginst the various dioceses due to the attempted coverups and the ritual transfering around of known pediphiles.
Baloney! The bishops
Baloney! The bishops willingly paid alleged victims millions whose claims were beyond any statute of limitations. And in Boston they paid alleged victims way beyond what MA law would have required ($25K max) for a charitable institution.
Then it isn't the tort system
Then it isn't the tort system in Massachusetts that you have issue with, it is the bishops with a guilty conscience.
I happen to agree that the bishops should have paid victims even after the expiration of the statute of limitations because it reflects our Christian obligation. It would have been another wrong for them to hide behind the law and say, "Well, its too bad it took us so long to fess up to this. Your pain and suffering has an expiration date and it is up."
paulte on Sep. 07, 2010. You
paulte on Sep. 07, 2010.
You stated:
"Sounds like a liberal love fest to me! Hardly fitting that it should be held in Trent, the site of that most holy Council of Trent. I mean this is about theology isn't it? So why don't they talk about God? Look at the breakout of five, where is God?
What they really are about is hominology (forgive the Latin attempt!) - the study of man. For the moderns, liberals & heretics, humankind is god. Sad, that this is the Catholic Church today."
--------------------------------------------------
Sorry, paulte, nobody, but NOBODY can put God under a microscope and study God like some organic smear. Even Aquinas, in writing his Summa----didn't try that.
One, there are several schools of theology and they have valid but differing methods of analysis. No one school has all the answers to anything. Dialogue is required from all to acquire a richer understanding.
Second, Theology does focus on God's revelation, both as PERCEIVED through the inspired scriptures and received in the subsequent traditions. But God is a caring and loving Being. And God is just as much a part of our created world, in our discoveries in technology, in our political situations, in our social problems, in our fears as well as in our triumphs. God is not some indifferent clock-maker who started everything and then walked away.
It is the job of the theologians to make sense of it all for contemporary believers. And that involves looking at the totality of the human condition wherever it is. If one is a moral theologian, then one must draw not only on the the authentic source of Scripture and tradition, but also upon the signs of the times to identify and teach HOW contemporary Christian living is to be carried out.
P What are you afraid of?
P What are you afraid of? The Church is alive and things that are alive change. Can be good or bad, but we must figure that out. I know we were taught that Trent had ALL the answers. Did pretty much for 500 years. Vat 2 put back on track. Martin Luther did his job. John 23 did his. This is 2010. "Be not afraid"
Paulte, the meeting was of
Paulte, the meeting was of Catholic ethicists and moral theologians, not systematic theologians. Focus on moral issues--necessarily involving human beings--was really the point. Traditionalists will note that the focus was on novel issues (new technology, justice in the new world order, etc.), rather than reworking older issues (e.g., personal and sexual morality). I hope, as you do, that God and scripture were mentioned frequently in the course of the discussions!
Excuse me! "For the
Excuse me! "For the moderns, liberals & heretics, humankind is god. Sad, that is the Catholic church today."
What happened to the message: "For where two or three have gathered in my name, there I am among them."
Matt 18:20? The PEOPLE are the Church and God is present in the people, the Word and the Eucharist. That is not sad to me.
It's even sadder to observe
It's even sadder to observe Catholics, they have a penchant for calling themselves "loyal sons of the Church" , who in an instant will claim the Council of Trent was literally the be all and end all of Catholic theology. A council which unerringly and irreversibly established Catholic theological and liturgical identity for all time. This council's decrees, together with it's fabricated Latin liturgy according to the missal of 1582, are called "the greatest thing this side of Heaven".
However, somehow along the way the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council and the Church lost it's way. Vatican II is reduced to little more than the level of a "robber synod" to which "good" Catholics like them are not obliged to assent, or to accept it's canons.
They repeatedly call it the council called by the heterodox and run by Protestant-loving Calvinist and Lutheran heretics. Presided over by invalidly elected popes from John XXIII to John Paul II. Who, in turn, produced invalid priests and bishops using invalidly conconcted ordination rituals. They can be easily identified as the ardent readers and contributors to the "National Catholic Reporter". or maybe "America". From which they take their "social service Catholicism".
Somehow, it must be the operation of the Holy Spirit that these "orthodox" Catholics have found a hero in Pope Benedict XVI. For them he has avoided heresy by saving the Tridentine Mass from extinction and is quick to crack down on disobedient, outspoken women, gays, and next it will be the Church's other critics from within. He's being canonized as the missing "valid" link in this chain of invalid popes.
So, it's little wonder the Purple and Scarlet Praetorian Guard of Pederast Protecting Prelates have come to rely so heavily upon the loyalty of this faction of self-anointed elect to form the bulwark of their defense.
For them the mantra is "Scandals? What scandals"?
Here, here!
Here, here!
Doesn't God "make a home" in
Doesn't God "make a home" in us, and live "in" us? (John 14:23 & 20). Isn't what we do to the least of these, my sisters and brothers, done to Christ himself?
Isn't it then rather foolish to complain, in this context of theology,about studying how we treat human beings?
Paulte, someone down the line
Paulte, someone down the line made an important point you seem to overlook: the 600 attendees were ethicists and moral theologians, not systematic theologians. That means their focus didn't center on the issues you correctly indicate as absent. I guess what I'm trying to say, there's a time & place for everything and this wasn't the time nor the place....
As I read the piece the focus was on breaking out of narrow national boundaries of ethical/moral concerns to see those of global/universal interest(i.e., those affecting Catholics every nation/people on this earth).
You direct us to "look at the breakout of five" and wonder where God is? Is it impossible for you to understand that BECAUSE this was a gathering of good people of faith from many countries, God is everywhere in each of the points of the breakout?
You attempt to denigrate the meeting as a "love fest." It's funny but "love fest" doesn't necessarily set up negativity in my opinion. Because a group of 600 from all over the globe happens to be united in their appreciation for the dignity of the human being amidst creation seems to me to be somewhat of a great event in a polarized world (and that includes the U.S.A. but not only).
Dear paulte, perhaps you
Dear paulte, perhaps you forgot that the name of philosophical study of man for which you seem to be reaching with "hominology" is called "anthopology".
Something else you may have overlooked is the framework the planners set up for the conference was "Catholic THEOLOGICAL ETHICS in the WORLD CHURCH" and they titled it (probably in their fliers and such): "In the Currents of History: From Trent to the Future" Trent here, of course refers to 2010 Trent. I read that as meaning priority was on present issues as they move into the future, but giving reverence to memory and the past by means of situating their work "in the currents of history". The purpose was,it seems to me, not to re-stir static reality but - as far as possible in 4 days to set a path into the future.
As for the sensational title for this article, John Allen is a professional journalist who understands the idea of a title-hook and we certainly succumbed to his intent and use of simile, and I don't often find myself defending John Allen's "balance". For instance he makes a big point of the presence of 88 women theologians. Sounds great doesn't it? When you crunch the numbers though it represents a measly 14.6% of the participants and some of these had to receive scholarships to even be there. That's a far cry for representing ves of more than half of the world's population!
I don't think so.
I don't think so. Anthropology is the study of the origin of man. Hominology is the study of how man fritters his time away on the earthly plain.
You seem to be confused about
You seem to be confused about the term anthropology. The term is used to refer to two different things. The science of anthropology is the study of human beings, which includes, but is not limited to "the origin of man." (It also includes the study of living human cultures, past human cultures, and the relationship between language and culture. I'm an anthropologist and therefore very familiar with this field) In the theological use of the term, anthropology examines the humankind in relation to God.
Father Keenan's efforts are
Father Keenan's efforts are laudable. This kind of cross-fertilization in the ethics community is essential. But I think his hope for continued outreach and networking using technological advances will in fact marginalize those who have no access to these kinds of things, in part because they have no electricity or limited access to computers or the internet. I've recently returned from West Africa where the desire to participate in these kinds of conversations is present, but the infrastructure to carry them out is almost entirely absent. Since it is their voice that is so important for doing contemporary ethics it is essential to make personal contact, to go and listen to those in places that we too often neglect.
"five key themes that emerged
"five key themes that emerged in Trent"
Excuse me! I thought this was a theology conference, not a meeting of secular academics worried about global warming and the survival of chimpanzees in the Congo.
No mention of God, scripture, tradition, the liturgy, the catechism, or the disappearance of Catholics from Catholic churches?
I stopped reading when I saw that.
If a conference is held on
If a conference is held on scripture one doesn't expect it to discuss liturgy. If a conference is on liturgy one doesn't expect global warming to be the central issue. How sad your suspicions lead you to not recognize that conferences held for particular purposes will discuss issues pertinent to that purpose...
Presumably if instead they
Presumably if instead they spouted the politics of the rabid right of the Republican party you would be happy?
"Excuse me! I thought this
"Excuse me! I thought this was a theology conference, not a meeting of secular academics worried about global warming and the survival of chimpanzees in the Congo." ... "I stopped reading when I saw that."
Do you even have any idea what has been going on in the Congo, Ray Marshall? Your comment suggests that you do not know what is going on in the Congo.
It's pretty awful what is happening in the Congo. You should google it. Or, you could just ignore it and talk about God and all the other stuff you mentioned and not lift a finger to help them or keep them in your prayers.
Fascinating! This shift could
Fascinating! This shift could be a great gift to the life of the Church as a whole---will be intreted in seeing how it plays out over the next couple of decades.
So, where's the content? They
So, where's the content? They met; that's all? Sounds like a Vatican meeting.
Well, there's not much
Well, there's not much content in the article. Which does not mean there's no content at the conference. Sad to mix up the real thing and the media report. This was a conference for 4 days and some 600 participants.
You may look up the minutes at: http://www.catholicethics.com/
But there's more: I have been there. Believe me, there have been lots of "content", of discussion, and of course also about God, Scripture etc. There has also been prayer and eucharist, there have been bishops and cardinals present. So do not fear - it was a catholic event in the whole meening of the word "catholic"
Thanks for an encouraging
Thanks for an encouraging word.
Someday the Catholic Church may actually be the most full expression of Jesus the Christ.
It is a revolution because
It is a revolution because Rome did not even attempt to dominate and there were ample lay and women theologians present. With the present papacy continuing as a virtual train wreck help will be needed by other parts of the church. So far there does not appear any clear specifics that arose from this Trent. But the fact that it happened is a paradigm of sorts.
John Allen begins by a
John Allen begins by a dramatic comparison between the recent gathering of theologians at Trent and the Council of Trent almost five hundred years earlier. But then his comparison goes off the track, as the Council of Trent is characterized with the positives that Mr. Allen hopes will flow from the recent Trent gathering. Allen says that the Council of Trent “engineered the Counter Reformation, thus equipping Catholicism to respond to the most significant megatrend of the day: the Protestant Reformation and the dissolution of Christendom.” Many Catholic historians in the last century have asserted that (allegedly) there was no need for, and never was, any Catholic Counter Reformation; and these Catholic historians have asserted that the Council of Trent merely affirmed the medieval institutions such as the seven sacraments, the Scholastics’ Aristotelian doctrine of transubstantiation (that replaced what Luther urged be restored), and so on.
Of course, we do know that there was a Catholic “Counter Reformation.” But it was not a positive, forward-looking gathering dominated by humanist-minded theologians – the nearest parallel, in sixteenth-century modes of thought, to the forward-minded theologians that Allen describes in attendance at the Trent of 2010. The humanists of the sixteenth century held back from the Council of Trent, for their writings clearly supported the voices of Luther, and more so, Calvin, Zwingli, and other Northern reformers.
The Council of Trent, clearly, did not espouse Revolution in the Church. It bolstered the Church’s teachings and institutions that had been formed in the Middle Ages, and it did little more.
John Allen’s description of the recent Trent is tantalizingly silent about another major point. Where is the Vatican in this Trent story? The Council of Trent was all about the popes that ran the sessions of that long gathering. Theologians, to the minor extent that there were any of them at that Council, played only background roles. This Trent – at least, the story that Allen offers – implies that Catholic theologians, lay and clerics, put it together on their own. I am really glad about this – but this makes for another difference from the Council of Trent. And sooner or later, unlike the reformers who essentially were only playing support roles at the Council of Trent, the attendees at the recent Trent, especially if it turns out that the gathering and its agenda were never approved by the Vatican, might yet enjoy consequences paralleling the treatment that the Church tried to mete out on the early Protestant reformers.
I look forward to John Allen comparing the agenda proposed by the recent Trent for the global Church of the coming global century, with the issues that he himself has outlined in his other writings along the same line. It does sound as if the recent Trent’s discussions have the makings of a Revolution, the likes of which the Council of Trent was not. As an historian, I admit that revolutions intimidate me. Yet the message of Christ has always preached revolution of spirit. Sometimes I am almost intimidated by how the message of Christ might be preached in the future. If I lived to 2050 and had a 111th birthday party, should I worry that that more global Church might be preaching an apparently different Christianity? But it would be silly to translate to the future of the whole Church and for the whole world any trepidation I have – which is merely a projection of some personal fear about how well or not so well I have interpreted that revolutionary message in my own life. I will read what this Trent has to offer, and pray that I can translate it for myself and pray that others do, too.
Thanks, John Allen, for another stimulating report!
Vincent
Vincent, Trent was little
Vincent,
Trent was little more than an updating of clerical discipline, weakening of the archbishop, the cathedral chapter, and the almost dictatorial power of archdeacons and cathedral deans. Liturgically speaking, it was a dictator's attempt to place all public worship in a simple, unchanging slot. Little square liturgies for little square minds. Rigidity, uniformity, a few useful changes in priestly discipline which took well over a century in some places to be adopted. It had a chance to adopt a vernacular liturgy, but that was stupidly ignored by the Council.
Trent was another way of treating the same old issues which had been central to earlier ecumenical councils, ie. Lyon and the Lateran. Trent is an admission that attempts to "reform" the Church's clerical behavior and MORALS from on high have been largely a dismal failure. Changes in skeletal structures of Church administration have been passed off historically as REFORM. There never was a reform of clerical morals. We see the same old problems with priests and bishops today we saw in the 12th to the 15th centuries.
For this reason, do not believe any effort by the Vatican, no matter how it is couched, or how well intended it may be, to change the dreadful clerical culture we have now. It must start locally and with the Catholic laity taking charge of the universal church, it's corrupted priesthood, the training of clerics, and life at every level.
Guidance and leadership from Rome or from the hierarchy has rarely reformed the morals of the clergy and we have history to prove it.
I do agree with you, that the
I do agree with you, that the Council of Trent offered nothing new at all. And it was certainly no Revolution, a word that began being applied to big changes in society (political and otherwise) by the end of the 18th century (American Revolution, French Revolution, Industrial Revolution...), perhaps in response to everyone's understanding of the Scientific Revolution.... Anyway, the new Trent gathering, lay-centered as it was, seems headed in the best of directions. God Speed to them all. We will try to follow.
Vincent of Valley Forge
"Hominology?" Interesting
"Hominology?" Interesting (sad from my perspective) that someone in the only Incarnational religion, the religion that celebrates the definitive revelation of God in Jesus, the human, should not see the connection between human dignity and God. And, as St. Ignatius, among others, reminds us we are called to find God in all things - I take that to include the environment.
This is just a breath of
This is just a breath of fresh air. To be effective, the Church must reflect it's constituency at all levels. And it must reflect the concerns of the greater global world. This is truly being my brother's and sister's keeper!
I believe Christ tried to
I believe Christ tried to change his faith of origin, only to fail.
2000+ years later Catholics are frightened of necessary change, supporteres of the status quo such as some of thse respondents, do enormous damage
"*Human dignity (and not just
"*Human dignity (and not just in the context of health care and “life” issues);
*Justice (North/South, but also within cultures);
*The environment;
*New technologies;
*The position of persons within institutions."
“'Today, there’s a new Catholicity taking shape,' Keenan said."
At last! People seem to be allowed to THINK again! New Wine in New Wineskins!
Wow! 88 women theologians present and contributing their expertise. This is a much longed for development in contrast to the thinking of our anachronistic, xenophobic Pope. It appears that a large group of theologians is actually listening to the Holy Spirit!
Many blessings to you and to your outstanding group, Fr. James Keenan!
The Council of Trent was a
The Council of Trent was a disaster. The Council fathers barred the doors and locked the windows. Luther and the other reformers were 90% right in their allegations of the corruption and abuse in the Roman church. Yet they did not get a hearing. Trent was about theological rigidity and control. Because of Trent our official theology is still based on the scholastic theoloians of the late middle ages. Any theologian who seriously tries to break new ground is silenced. Rome acts as if no philosopher or theologian who has written since Trent can possibly have anything to say that would more clearly articulate the gospel messsage to the 21st century.
I am a 74-year-old born Catholic. I was raised in a Catholic Church environment that acted as if nothing had happened between the Council of Nicaea and the Council of Trent. Most of what happened between the death of the last apostle and Nicaea was ignored. Trent was not a counter-reformation. It was a hunkering down in rigid positions that pretended there was no need for fundamental reform. We lay Catholics are still paying for that bunker mentality by being excluded from any significant voice in the governance of our church. The Vatican has said that power in the church flows top down through the Pope, the Bishops and the clergy. Baloney! The Pope, the Vatican bureaucracy, the bishops and the clergy have forfeited the moral high ground (if they ever possessed it!) through doctrinal rigidity, suppression of intellectual freedom and freedom of speech, oppression of women, and lack of openness and accountability.
Pay, pray and obey still is the norm amoung our clergy.
“Today, there’s a new
“Today, there’s a new Catholicity taking shape,” Keenan said. “We recognize that we have to be voices with others, not just for others.”
This principle should apply to the Catholic Schools here in the USA.
We cannot allow our Catholic Schools to serve more and more the middle class and rich while the poor are "marginalized". A "preferential option for the poor" should be maintained in our Catholic Schools. If we find that we cannot afford to keep our schools open to the poor, the schools should be closed and the resources used for something else which can be kept open to the poor. We cannot allow our Church to become a church primarily for the middle class and rich while throwing a bone to the poor. The priority should be given to the poor even if we have to let the middle class and rich fend for themselves.
Practically speaking, the Catholic Schools must close and the resources used for "Confraternity of Christian Doctrine" and other programs which can be kept open to the poor. Remember, the Church managed without Catholic Schools for centuries. We can get along without them today. The essential factor is to cultivate enough Faith to act in the Gospel Tradition, namely, THE POOR GET PRIORITY. The rich and middle-class are welcome too. But the poor come first. Thus, we wiil be better able to be "voices with others, not just for others.”
Whether people (both
Whether people (both catholics and non-catholics) like it or not, like the bishops of Trent the current crop of church authorities are guided by history. One reason this church has survived is because the leadership is somewhat flexible mentally but not theologically, although many times it doesn't seem so. They can understand how in each period of history the institution must expand or contract in response to the culture it exists in. Practically speaking in the present time the church in the northern hemisphere is losing members so it's necessary for the Vatican to reallocate resources to the southern hemisphere. It's a contraction in Europe but an expansion in South America and Africa. So Benedict's idea of a smaller more conservative church may be true but in a different way than pundits have described it.
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