New norms are much more than a PR disaster

In reading about the Vatican's calling clergy sexual abuse and the ordination of women equally delectia gavioria (or grave sins), I was struck by how many commentators reduced this incident to yet another public relations disaster for the Roman Catholic church.

For women across the globe, it is so much more than this. It is a statement of profound spiritual violence against half of the human race already routinely victimized on the basis of their God-given anatomy. In a world where 39,000 baby girls die in China annually because they do not receive medical care equal to male infants, brides in India are burned once every two hours, and 35,000 Colombian women are trafficked to the sex trade every year, the church's statements only reinforce the idea that female bodies are not of equal value in the eyes of God, that they do not hold the same potential to be a sacred vessel of the life of God in our world.

At the same time that the Vatican freed bishops from being accountable for criminal activity (by failing to order them to report every instance of abuse and refusing to create sanctions against those who cover up abuse), it saw fit to define new kinds of crimes that have everything to do with gender, but nothing to do with sexual abuse.

Women, and those who attempt to ordain them, were classified as committing crimes against the sacraments. Such crimes are metaphysically serious in that they constitute any action that desecrates the Eucharist. Not only can God not work through the body of a woman, now, it seems, women's bodies actually defile the Eucharist.

For many women living in the West, where the Roman Catholic church's moral authority holds far less power than do the opinions of Oprah, these latest pronouncements are little more than the institutional church's reassertion of fundamental fear of female power and its antiquated belief that the female body is incapable of realizing the power of God.

But for those women struggling to worship or work in the Catholic church, these latest norms demonstrate unequivocally a painful truth: The church can be, and often is, a very toxic place for women.

This latest act of codified violence against women leads me to ask: Why shouldn't Catholic women allow God to act to God's fullest potential in them? Why shouldn't they seek ordination or create lay-led eucharistic communities that will truly nurture anyone who seeks the peace, community, sacramental nourishment, and social justice that is sorely lacking both in our society and in our church?

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There is a long-held belief among many members of the Catholic reform movement that change can only come by working from within the Roman Catholic institution. Breakaway groups that ordain women, like Spiritus Christi, the Ecumenical Catholic Communion, and Roman Catholic Womenpriests, though respected by many reformers, have a compromised view in the eyes of some because they did not "stay in the church and fight." I know many liberal Catholics who will occasionally attend Masses led by ordained Catholic women, but, whether out of fear or love of their particular parish, continue to also attend a local Roman Catholic parish Mass so as not to break away completely from the institution.

But, really, what do women have to lose at this point? In the Roman Catholic church, they have no status and no potential to work in a church environment that will courageously and creatively supportive their callings to and gifts for ministry. Unless their jobs or livelihoods depend on at least appearing to keep within the fold, what is the real risk? As a young adult grappling to understand the future of the church -- and my own role in it -- the benefits of the emergence of new kinds of smaller, alternative eucharistic communities seem to far outweigh any risk.

Such communities, I believe, will be a vital remedy for the aching need for communal support and spiritual nurture that will define new generations of women and men. These new forms of Catholic communities would be uniquely positioned to convey the best parts of the Catholic tradition, those fundamental beliefs -- in ritual and sacrament, mysticism and spirituality, the preferential option for the poor and the pursuit of social justice -- that keep them calling themselves Catholic. They would also teach the next generation that they do not need to participate in their own oppression in order to be a member of a church community. These communities can begin to model now what may very well be the life-giving future of the church.

Women who are interested in using their bodies to allow God to continue to build up the body of Christ only need to consider the extraordinary, sacramental work that has been done and can be done outside of the walls of an institution bent on fortifying its spiritually violent, paranoid and medieval structure. As they gather together in community, one of their first orders of business may be to reach out to the women in developing countries who do not have even a modicum of the privilege and power held by many women in the West. They must use their money and their influence to help free these women from the poverty to which they are enslaved. And they must reach out to those places where the institutional church's oppressive stances on women only support the social and cultural beliefs that subject women to so much abuse, violence and exploitation.

The Vatican's new norms are only proof that movements that empower women to answer God's call are being perceived as viable threats to an institution desperate not to lose control over people who are too educated and faithful to be controlled. By claiming that the ordination of women is a grave sin against the Eucharist, they have continued their legacy of perpetuating spiritual violence against women. But the graver sin has been committed against God.

It is the human institution that believes it can control and regulate how and where God chooses to become fully present that truly commits a sin against the Eucharist. Like the meal Jesus celebrated with his disciples, the Eucharist always rises out of the people. Women who feel called by God must be, in even greater and more creative ways, a living, ministering reminder that the Eucharist is present anywhere that the people of God gather to live the teachings of the Gospels and to honor the life of God in all of creation.

[Jamie Manson is a lay minister who has worked extensively with New York City's homeless and poor populations.]

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NCR reporting on revised norms on sex abuse and crimes against the sacraments

It is truly sad that the

It is truly sad that the Vatican oligarchs succeed in equating violent imMORAL
behavior with a traditional teaching of the Church which can be changed with a proper mandate. It is NOT dogmatic theology. I do not believe that even in the deepest recesses of the moral conscience of the aggregate Vatican personnel can they believe that child sexual abuse can be re-evaluated and be made morally acceptable. At least, I hope not. They seem to have become close in not taking action against Bishops, Cardinals, Popes who were conspirators or "complicitors" by not taking action other than move the problem around.

How long do we have to accept, justify, rationalize the behavior of intelligent but stupid leaders within the Church. I do not know if I would have passed John Allen's "Vatican Literacy" quiz, but I have decided again to decry the lunacy of the Vatican officials.

So well expressed. No

So well expressed. No rancor, hate, demeaning of others, demands for rights, "my way or the highway." Just seeing clearly into the heart of the matter from a highter perspective. This gives me hope for the younger generation. Thank you.

The Church didn't declare

The Church didn't declare them equally grave. Gravioribus is third plural, ablative, comparative. That is, the delicts dealt with in the normae de gravioribus delictis are simply graver than other delicts. No claim is made about their relative gravity.

Likewise, woman aren't guilty of any delicts by being women. They're guilty if they try to get ordained. If you believe that not believing that women can be ordained is the same as saying that God can't work through women and that women defile the Eucharist, I pity you. If you really believe that the only way to allow God to act to God's fullest potential in a woman is to ordain her, I pity you.

Such clericalism and clericalists have no business in the Catholic Church.

What if the whole point of

What if the whole point of the the celibate male priesthood is to stop women from exercising their fullest potential? The quickest way to stop a person from acting to their fullest potential is too convince them they are second class. It would have very little to do with ordination and everything to do with upholding male superiority in a more global sense.

Agreed.

Agreed.

Shocking....I kid, I

Shocking....I kid, I kid...

How can you ignore all evidence of theology, history, and tradition and simply boil it down to a vast male conspiracy to keep women down (seems a bit lazy doesn't it)? Do you have to have such a low opinion of your fellow man (gender inclusive, of course)

Shocking....I kid, I

Shocking....I kid, I kid...

How can you ignore all evidence of theology, history, and tradition and simply boil it down to a vast male conspiracy to keep women down (seems a bit lazy doesn't it)? Do you have to have such a low opinion of your fellow man (gender inclusive, of course)
____________________
That is exaclly what it is. After selecting and throwing out many gospels that did not make the N. Testament, more than likely with great bias in favor of a patriarchal agenda, the Canon was closed. After Paul and Constintine the message of Jesus and the early church was surrounded like flies in amber by a severly Patriarchal Roman culture.
Through great scholarship the original message of Jesus and the practice of early Christians has been retreived. We know what it is and we know what it is not. We believe in 20Jesus and a Holy Catholic church that also believes in Jesus. We do not believe in the version of church that clearly does not believe in Jesus.

Colkoch, hypothetical

Colkoch, hypothetical situations that have no chance of being real are not worth considering in this issue.

I have yet to see why "denying" women the priesthood is more sexist than not letting men have babies biologically. Both are natural; neither is some rule implemented by men.

Remember, the Church's argument is that women as women can NOT be ordained, not that the Church refuses to ordain them.

The problem I have with this

The problem I have with this analogy is how it actually plays out in spiritual practice. Women having babies has rarely worked to give them any real status in society, and certainly not in the spirituality of the Judeo Christian tradition. Historically a womans reproductive ability has had far more to do with seeing women in various states of impurity, a far cry from how religious history and practice has seen ordained men.

I would be far more inclined to buy your analogy if there was even a remote comparison in how these separate functions-pregancy vs priesthood-has actually played out in Catholic spirituality. They don't even come close.

Colkoch, I believe you once

Colkoch,

I believe you once told me you read JPII Theology of the Body, am I correct? If so how can you say that motherhood hasn't been given "real status" in the Judeo Christian tradition?

Considering many people now make priests and the Pope their personal punching bag, how would ordaining women help their status? How about this for an advertisement?

Become a priest, make less money than the janitor, go to school for a long time so that everybody can tell you how to do your job, be the subject of constant gossip, work 10 hour days and take 1 day off a week and be expected to be there at moments notice when somebody needs you, and best of all the joy that comes with being stared at and being associated with child abuse every time you step in public.

The priesthood is hardly the status symbol you make it out to be.

You clearly have not

You clearly have not understood the meaning behind my post.

I am not concerned with "what plays out in practice," because what you're describing is not even spiritual or spirituality. I am merely concerned with biology. Women cannot become priests by virtue of womanhood. Men cannot have babies by virtue of manhood. Period.

That's the extent of my post. I was merely stating that both are natural and the Church is not able to randomly declare that biology doesn't exist.

"Women cannot become priests

"Women cannot become priests by virtue of womanhood."

Wrong.

The primitive Christian communities, i.e., those believers closest to Jesus and his disciples in time and place, did not have ordained ministry. Instead, their eucharistic liturgies were led by presiders whose liturgical leadership was predicated on their community leadership.

Furthermore, every man and woman in the primitive churches was a priest by virtue of his or her baptism. Their collective liturgical sacrifice to God consisted of their individual sacrificial lives lived day in, day out within their communities.

The current prohibition by Rome of women's ordination is not "natural". It is a man-made (pun intended) restriction based on intellectually suspect rationales that no longer are accepted as valid/legitimate by the majority of People of God.

Joseph, If historical

Joseph,

If historical revisionism is your approach to these issues, then we can only talk past each other. Ordination has always occurred, but not necessarily with the rite with which we are familiar today.

Pastors and priests are both liturgical and community leaders and are male.

In addition, every man and woman TODAY is also a priest. This has not changed. But there are also ordained priests. This also has not changed.

There is no prohibition on female ordination because that would imply that it would exist. It is not man-made. And the Church is not a democracy so the uninformed will of the "People of God" is almost always irrelevant.

Please go join the Protestant denomination with which you feel most comfortable and that way we can all be intellectually honest with ourselves.

There's no "historical

There's no "historical revisionism" on my part.

For more information, please go to http://www.commonwealmagazine.org/blog/?p=3876 and see my comments, especially those posted August 2 and 5.

Ordination has *not* always occurred. The primitive churches did not have it. Male leadership back in the day reflected cultural norms. Gender is not a requisite of leadership, civil or ecclesial.

The earliest Christian liturgical presiders were presbyteroi or episkopoi (different titles, same functions, depending on particular community usage), not "priests". The only priesthoods known by primitive Christians were Jewish and pagan.

If I used the word 'prohibition', I apologize. JPII, as you and I both know, wrote that the church has no authority to ordain women to the priesthood or episcopate. He relied in large part on sacred scripture --- even though the Pontifical Biblical Commission determined that it could not be validly used to support or oppose women's ordination.

If you are saying that I am "uninformed" on this subject, you are wrong. The history is there for anyone interested in finding and studying it --- as I did. Furthermore, every Catholic has a right under the 1983 Code of Canon Law to share his/her opinion on matters with fellow members of the church.

Please demonstrate some knowledge of a topic before you offer uninformed opinion.

I've provided the link to authoritative information.

Now go learn something for a change.

Dear Joseph, I read your

Dear Joseph,

I read your comments. There has always been ordained ministry, starting with Peter (by Jesus).

The fact that some Eucharistic communities existed that did not have ordained leadership does not mean that said leadership did not exist. Tell me, when did the bishops begin to exert their influence? When did Rome develop its primacy? Why is it that the line of Pontiffs can be traced back to Peter?

Ordination. If one person in the entire world is ordained, ordained ministry still exists. Your link to authoritative information is nothing but. Your persistent assertions that your concoctions about history are correct are merely that -- assertions, and incorrect ones at that.

"If you are saying that I am "uninformed" on this subject, you are wrong. The history is there for anyone interested in finding and studying it --- as I did. Furthermore, every Catholic has a right under the 1983 Code of Canon Law to share his/her opinion on matters with fellow members of the church."

I suggest you go back and do more research, perhaps using sources other than conspiracy theories and propaganda, although I'm aware that you can/will level the same charge against me.

Furthermore, everyone has a right to share his/her opinion; the Canon Law is also clear that full assent of spirit and faith is also required for the appropriate matters, and respect to the authority of the Holy See is also mandatory with respect to some Church teaching, female simulated ordination included. These are not inconsistent.

"Now go learn something for a change."

I learn everyday. Perhaps you will be able to as well once you unlearn falsehoods.

So you believe that Jesus

So you believe that Jesus began ordination "starting with Peter?"

We're discussing *Christian (or Catholic)* ordination. Jesus, in fact, commissioned his immediate disciples to preach the Good News, not to preside at worship, reconcile sinners to the Church, and carry out all the other facets of Christian/Catholic ministry. Jesus was born a Jew, lived a Jewish life, died a Jew, and rose from the dead as a Jew. He ascended to heaven as a Jew. If you're going to be consistent, you must concede that all our Catholic presbyters and bishops should have been ordained to the Jewish priesthood, instead.

As theologian Francis Sullivan (FROM APOSTLES TO BISHOPS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EPISCOPACY IN THE EARLY CHURCH) has pointed out, the ministry of The Twelve was a unique one, a ministry that could not be handed down in its totality to the next generation. Furthermore, the Apostles (upper case) did not serve as resident community leaders. Community leadership, as theologian Kenan Osborne (PRIESTHOOD: THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORDAINED MINISTRY IN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH) has noted, was the basis of liturgical leadership. Successive generations of Christian communities would gradually develop the more formal kinds of ecclesial leadership that we've come to associate with later ordination to the presbyterate and episcopate/bishopric. The earliest extant ordination ritual for presbyter does not include any reference to performance of sacerdotal duty, and the ordination ritual for episcopus includes only a threadbare reference to such expectation. Ordination, in other words, was a historical development, not something found in the primitive churches.

While Catholic tradition may regard Peter as the first pope, actual church history tells us otherwise. Don't confuse tradition with history. "[F]acts, as history teaches, carry more weight than pure doctrine" (Joseph Ratzinger, THEOLOGICAL HIGHLIGHTS OF VATICAN II, Paulist Press/Deus Books, 1966, p. 16).

"Your link to authoritative information," you write, "is nothing but."

Nothing but what?

You offer assertions. I offer assertions backed up with (in your words) "authoritative information". What do you find problematic with authoritative sources?

If you're going to challenge what I share, I suggest you do so in a credible manner. Demonstrate some historical knowledge, not just barely informed belief.

When an ostrich bends over to bury its head in the sand, we know what's there for all to see. It ain't pretty.

"Those who don't learn the lessons of history..."

"If you're going to be

"If you're going to be consistent, you must concede that all our Catholic presbyters and bishops should have been ordained to the Jewish priesthood, instead."

Hardly. The Church rose out of Jesus' life, but Judaism has always featured prominently in Catholicism. Just because you say something doesn't mean it's true -- that goes for me as well. I'm perfectly consistent. Jesus instituted a new ordination that was a departure from Judaic tradition.

"Ordination, in other words, was a historical development, not something found in the primitive churches."

I don't think you understand -- if someone is ordained, he is ordained. That person could have celebrated no Masses in the traditional sense, or the number of ordained men could have been equal to one. All that matters is that there were ordained men and that that line carried back to Peter. The fact that primitive communities did not have ordained ministry simply means that those communities did not ever consume the Body and Blood of the Lord.

"You offer assertions. I offer assertions backed up with (in your words) "authoritative information". What do you find problematic with authoritative sources?"

Your authoritative information is, number one, largely based on assertions -- you would hardly accept historical statements by Hubbard without further scrutiny, for example -- from a period of time where people obviously disagree on what happened, thereby eliminated the possibility of authoritative information on any side. Number two, it's actually answering a different question. I'm not concerned with the majority of communities. I am concerned about the existence of one thing -- ordination. Again, one person could have been ordained without knowing it and ordained someone else, again without knowing it, and that would be fine. Ordination was in existence. You have not in any way demonstrated that no ordination existed historically. All you've shown is that it was not the norm and that the disciples acted differently from modern priests. Peter is actually the most relevant here anyway.

I've given information from

I've given information from respected academic sources, including authors and titles.

You've given uninformed opinion.

I invite fellow bloggers to check my sources and make up their own minds.

Joseph, You've given

Joseph,

You've given information from sources, whether or not they are "respected" is a matter of discussion. I am unfamiliar with them so I will refrain from judgment -- including accepting their legitimacy.

I'm sure you agree that if a poster referenced The DaVinci Code as a credible source on Jesus, he would be laughed off the board. That is because we are familiar with the credibility of Dan Brown. Your authors could be the opposite or the same -- unless I have empirical evidence or primary sources, I can't make judgments about the veracity of the content in the sources you provide.

Furthermore, you have failed to address the problem with the conclusions in your sources -- they do nothing to disprove the existence of ordination. Remember, apostolic succession requires only one ordained person.

"I am unfamiliar with [your

"I am unfamiliar with [your sources]."

"[T]hey do nothing to disprove the existence of ordination."

So you haven't checked my historical sources, but you contend they have not disproven the existence of ordination!

As I wrote earlier, I've made my case.

You, on the other hand, have made unsubstantiated assertions, comments reflecting only religious belief.

Visit a public or academic library to check my sources or perhaps to arrange an inter-library loan.

Then, perhaps, your views will reflect some historical understanding.

"So you haven't checked my

"So you haven't checked my historical sources, but you contend they have not disproven the existence of ordination!"

I've gone on what you've said about them. Are you misrepresenting them? If not, then again, they do nothing to disprove the existence of ordination as an institution.

"You, on the other hand, have made unsubstantiated assertions, comments reflecting only religious belief."

I know. That would only make sense if we were on, say, a religious site. How convenient that we are not.

Furthermore, I'm not the one who needs to substantiate my statement -- you claim that there is no such thing as Apostolic Succession; the burden is therefore on you to demonstrate that NO ordination existed (because only that could disrupt the aforementioned succession).

Your sources have not. All they demonstrate, with what I am sure is painstaking detail, that early communities tended not to have ordained ministry.

Note that that is actually totally irrelevant to whether ordination existed.

Am I misrepresenting my

Am I misrepresenting my sources?

No.

If you believe, therefore, that my sources "do nothing to disprove the existence of ordination as an institution", you need to check my sources, don't you? The scholars in question were not intending to "disprove the existence of ordination as an institution". They, instead, used various historical texts to demonstrate that the earliest Christian/Catholic communities did not have ordained ministry (hence, Osborne's PRIESTHOOD: THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORDAINED MINISTRY IN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH).

Contrary to your assertion, I have never "claim[ed] that there is no such thing as Apostolic Succession".

On the other hand, it is quite clear that you know woefully little of what you share on matters ecclesial (you don't even demonstrate knowledge of the meaning of the phrase 'Apostolic Succession').

You also display woeful ignorance of the content of my sources.

Your final statement makes no sense.

I suggest you brush up on your conceptual and written communication skills. It will also help if you keep an open mind on subjects and not allow yourself to be blinded by limited frame of reference.

If you don't *want* to agree with what I present, that is your right.

On the other hand, if you want to demonstrate *some knowledge* of a topic, heed my suggestions.

"If you believe, therefore,

"If you believe, therefore, that my sources "do nothing to disprove the existence of ordination as an institution", you need to check my sources, don't you?"

No. Because, as I've said several times, nothing in them in any way suggests that no one at all was ordained. Do they? Can they state that definitively?

"They, instead, used various historical texts to demonstrate that the earliest Christian/Catholic communities did not have ordained ministry (hence, Osborne's PRIESTHOOD: THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORDAINED MINISTRY IN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH)."

Two relevant issues here:

1) I doubt their ability to make the claim for ALL such communities; it does not require me to read the sources unless they somehow establish that they have information for all communities

2) The ordination rite didn't necessarily exist; that does not mean that the substance of the priesthood also did not exist

"Contrary to your assertion, I have never "claim[ed] that there is no such thing as Apostolic Succession"."

Apostolic Succession would basically require ordained priests, so claiming that the priesthood did not exist is equivalent to stating that A.S. also did not exist.

"I suggest you brush up on your conceptual and written communication skills. It will also help if you keep an open mind on subjects and not allow yourself to be blinded by limited frame of reference."

My last statement makes perfect sense.

And coming from someone who is clearly entrenched in a fringe mentality, I would suggest following your own advice. I am in no way blinded by the frame of reference; your inability to adequately deal with what I am discussing is hardly my problem. Perhaps some classes in rhetoric would do you good, right after the catechesis.

"On the other hand, if you want to demonstrate *some knowledge* of a topic, heed my suggestions."

That would lead me into intellectual complacency and conspiracy theories. I'll refrain.

Check the following

Check the following references:

+ Kenan Osborne. PRIESTHOOD: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORDAINED MINISTRY IN THE
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

+ Francis Sullivan. FROM APOSTLES TO BISHOPS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
EPISCOPACY IN THE EARLY CHURCH.

+ Robert Egan. "Why Not? Scripture, History & Women's Ordination".
COMMONWEAL.

Your comments above about Apostolic Succession confirm that you have a woeful misunderstanding of it.

"And coming from someone who is clearly entrenched in a fringe mentality..."

Look in your mirror. At least I'm informed on what I've tried to discuss with you. If you wish to remain in a state of suspicion toward folks with whom you disagree and allow said suspicion to distort your understanding of what they are communicating, be my guest.

"Your comments above about

"Your comments above about Apostolic Succession confirm that you have a woeful misunderstanding of it."

Hardly. And such a definitive claim is not necessarily true because it is one.

"Look in your mirror. At least I'm informed on what I've tried to discuss with you. If you wish to remain in a state of suspicion toward folks with whom you disagree and allow said suspicion to distort your understanding of what they are communicating, be my guest."

I remain in no state of suspicion! I have never been in an environment where everyone agrees with me, so any suspicion I have ever had has been purged long ago.

You can claim that I have no understanding, that I'm paranoid, that I'm distorting history or evidence, or the faith, or the fabric of space-time, but that doesn't make it true in any way. It happens not to be.

But the only people making

But the only people making that connection (not able to be ordained = second class) are the people calling for women's ordination. It only upholds male superiority if you're clericalist enough to believe there's anything superior about priests.

The attitude I'm attempting

The attitude I'm attempting to get across about entrenched second hand status goes far beyond the priesthood. It's in the language, it's in the sins, it's in many other avenues. I remember vividly being told girls couldn't be altar boys because they were girls. The trade off was one girl out of 500 got to crown the Virgin Mary on one day in May. Boys couldn't do that. I guess the fact the other 499 girls couldn't either was supposed to be overlooked.

I don't actually think this ordination thing is really so much about denying women the priesthood as it is about stroking threatened male ego, and that is a sad statement.

And attempting to ordain

And attempting to ordain women would remedy that? I don't deny that there is, to some degree, a fairly diffuse treatment of women as second-class in many respects. I fail to see how ordaining women remedies that, and I fail to see how not ordaining women contributes to that, unless there is something second-class about being lay, rather than ordained.

If women were allowed to be corporals, but not sergeants, there would be a clear case of inequality. Likewise, if women could be nurses and patients, but not doctors, paralegals but not lawyers, clerks but not judges, etc. That many people still support a woman wanting to be a nurse more than wanting to be a doctor, etc., reflects a continued expectation of women being somewhat subordinate. However, these cases are utterly unlike ordination. A priest is NOT above a lay-person. There is no inequality between the ordained and the not ordained. If you believe there is, you have no business being Catholic. Priests are not by virtue of their ordination holier or better Christians than any other baptized Catholic. Ordaining women would not remedy an inequality for the same reason that ordaining a man doesn't remedy an inequality. There is no inequality between clergy and laity.

If it's no big deal then

If it's no big deal then Ordain Women and see if second class attitudes change. Giving blacks the right to vote eventually helped blacks.
One does not have to be a scientist to know the ordination of women sociologically, theologically, and psychologically IS a step in the right direction!

"Priests are not by virtue of

"Priests are not by virtue of their ordination holier or better Christians than any other baptized Catholic. Ordaining women would not remedy an inequality for the same reason that ordaining a man doesn't remedy an inequality."

Earlier, you give examples of inequality: doctors vs. nurses, lawyers vs. paralegals, judges vs. clerks, etc. These examples are of workplace inequality, i.e., different roles and functions requiring different education, training and experience.

In the quote I've cited, you have suddenly jumped from occupational/workplace inequality to personal attributes (holiness, goodness). You have jumped from comparing professions and occupations to something altogether different. You have jumped from workplace function to personal attribute. You have jumped to comparing apples and oranges. You have jumped to no relevant comparison!

Which leads to your next quote:

"There is no inequality between clergy and laity."

Perhaps it all depends on whose ox is being gored.

In their "Mind the Gap: The Return of the Lay-Clerical Divide" in COMMONWEAL a few years ago, sociologists of religion James Davidson and (the late) Dean Hoge used longitudinal studies to demontrate that in a decade or so, we can expect to see the greatest "expectation gap" between an educated and informed laity, on the one hand, and a body of so-called "JPII priests", on the other. In their article, Davidson and Hoge described such clergy as men attracted to the presbyterate by the example of JPII who believed that ordination confers an ontological (and, hence, social) superiority over the laity. These clergy see themselves as a group set above and apart from the laity. Such men believe they have the final word in matters of parish governance and administration. They are the intermediaries between God and man. The laity mentioned by the authors include both old *and* young!

In the years leading up to Vatican II, there was --- indeed --- inequality between clergy and laity. Although the influence of conciliar teaching helped ameliorate this situation somewhat, the fact is such inequality continued and continues to this day in various quarters, helped in no small part by "JPII priests" who believe they are the parish bosses. JPII lost no opportunity to appoint such clergy to the bishopric.

Ordination itself was a historic development, not at all part of the primitive Christian churches. It would take a few hundred years for the transformation from presbyter/episkopos (same function, different title depending on particular community usage) to priest, from the liturgical presider sharing the same common priesthood as that possessed by fellow community members --- to the presider having a different and special priesthood "a cut above" the one possessed by the community. Vatican II in limited fashion chipped away at this latter sacramental and sociological difference, but --- given more than 1500 years of church history --- JPII with his penchant for autocratic rule managed to preserve and promote this old understanding of priesthood.

Ordination and jurisdiction

Ordination and jurisdiction are a package deal (a power package at that!). Ergo, 6 Sacraments for women and seven for men functions socio-politically, psychologically, symbolically, and religiously to perpetuate inequality by teaching, forming, indoctrinating, and reenforcing by word, (preaching, teaching, publishing) and by example; values, norms, and mores, that are both directly and indirectly related to gender bias and inequality.

I am agree with you and also

I am agree with you and also what about all those nun that were rape by them!

So after all that, are you

So after all that, are you intent or leaving the Catholic Church or not?

Breakaway groups that ordain


Breakaway groups that ordain women, like Spiritus Christi, the Ecumenical Catholic Communion, and Roman Catholic Womenpriests, though respected by many reformers, have a compromised view in the eyes of some because they did not "stay in the church and fight."

Very astute Jamie, as what follows it. I mean the bit about "what have we really got to lose?"

For a case-in-point you have to look no further than the pages of NCR. Oh, womenpriests get some coverage--- especially when a prominant MALE priest gets excommunicated for participating in an ordination (hmmmm).

But Tom Roberts' otherwise-excellent "Emerging Church" series is now up to the 24th in the series according to his latest entry. He has not, as far as I know, covered any of the vibrant, growing, Catholic-but-not-Roman parishes that have been under way for years, now.

One earlier article covered IEC's-- but none have covered parishes like
the Christ Hope community in the Pittsburgh area, or the numerous affiliates
of the Ecumenical Catholic Communion?

It is not just the existence of such communities that merit coverage; it is the theological issues such as Apostolic Succession which also should be delved into.

One must ask "why?" Is the NCR afraid of the consequences of elevating the visibility of such "rebels?" Or are the NCR staff still stuck where many of us were in 1980 and 1990, "if we just stick around and wait, Rome will come around?"

I fail to see how one can talk about the "emerging Church" without including those who choose to "emerge" from affiliation with Rome without necessarily affiliating with existing Protestant denominations.

Aside from the fact that NCR

Aside from the fact that NCR is nominally Roman Catholic, breakaway "faith communities" are not Roman Catholic.

If they're not affiliated with the Catholic Church, they're not part of the "emerging Church." Why should a Catholic site (even one that seems to focus on complaining about Catholic doctrine) write about non-Catholics?

As a woman, I am outraged

As a woman, I am outraged that women think so little of me and my fellow parishoners when they become "ordained". It shows that we do not value ourselves. It is the opposite of what you and they are fighting for. In being defiant, you mock and in mocking you expose yourselves as only caring about self, gender and your rights. It's not about service or calling, it is about ego, self-gratification and power. All of these are the very attributes thrown at the men. The very act of defiance shows we don't know what we are talking about or doing - it's frankly, stupid.

So, Mary. C, when men want to

So, Mary. C, when men want to be ordained, it is about service and calling, but not about ego, self-gratification and power. However, when women seek ordination it is not about a calling to service, but a manifestation of ego and a desire for power. Hmmm.

Winifred, not necessarily.

Winifred, not necessarily. But women who seek female ordination cannot be answering God's call because God would never call them to be priests.

Therefore, either they are misguided and well-intentioned, but should defer to the authority of the Magisterium, or they are egotistical and placing their own desires above God's plan, in which case they should stop.

"But women who seek female

"But women who seek female ordination cannot be answering God's call because God would never call them to be priests."

How do you know that? How can you be so sure as to make such a statement?
What if God were indeed calling women and out of deep humility and dependence on God, women who are called have no choice but to Follow?

Dear Sue, The Church teaches

Dear Sue,

The Church teaches that women cannot be ordained; this is infallible by ordinary and universal Magisterium. As a Catholic, I accept the authority of the Church and the validity of historical, scriptural, and natural arguments that point to the same conclusion.

God is therefore not calling women to the priesthood because he himself established priesthood as male only.

Mary, you have some good

Mary, you have some good points, as I am sure that there will be some women, as there are with some men, who are attracted to ordination because of ego. None-the-less, I think you have some parsing to do in your thinking. What valid points you may have gets a bit loss in your anger and brushing in such a broad strokes.

Stop hitting yourself.

Stop hitting yourself.

This article hurts to read.

This article hurts to read. The lack of understanding of theology and Church history is easy to see throughout. Before you criticize, you need to understand the arguments from within. I see you have done very little reading on the teachings of Theology of the Body, the book Love and Responsibility, the understanding of masculinity and feminity. If the research was done, you would see the Church has a very good, well thought out, explanation to the different-but complementary-abilities between the sexes.

Unfortunately, people who like to tear down its understanding of sexuality rarely have done the research to understand it.

Moreover, in a Church that believes the ordination of women is an "impossibility," and believes that it receives its teachings from Christ and the through the guidance of the Holy Spirit, it makes sense that it would be a "grave crime" to go against this teaching.

NCR needs to do a much better job of displaying the true Catholic faith or, at the very least voicing both sides, otherwise it should title itself what it is-A Protestant Newspaper.

I think you need to do a

I think you need to do a better job in defending your criticism. You make a lot of accusations, but I don't see where you support them. The feeling I get from you post is that you believe that if someone did their research, they would come to the same conclusion as you have or that the leaders of our Church has. I think that is a mistake. And I think that one of the most difficult aspects of being a believer is to be open to realizing that many good, honest, open and prayerful people come to different conclusions. That certainly does seem to be a tripping point for many. But, that is what I believe the mystical body of Christ to be. And, as difficult as it sometimes is, I respect that and rejoice in that.

That's true, but the

That's true, but the authority of the Magisterium must be respected. For example, a prayerful person can come to the conclusion that Jesus is fictional, but that does not make it worth considering or correct given that Catholic teaching is definitive on the point that He did. Different conclusions happen; that doesn't mean they should.

Thanks Brian for your

Thanks Brian for your response. But, there are two points I would like to make; Some, perhaps many, equate criticizing with being disrespectful. I do not support that equation, as I think criticizing can come from love and respect. Also, I was responding to the attacks that the poster was making. But, I will add that I will leave the different conclusions that good, honest, open, prayerful people come to in God's hands.

John, you bring up some good

John, you bring up some good points.

I am not making that equation. But it is clear from all Church teaching that some things are infallible and therefore all criticism is counterproductive. For issues not declared infallible, there is still a requirement to varying degrees of assent. Finally, criticism such as Ms. Manson's vitriol is not out of love of respect. So, I agree, but I believe that the inequality needs to be qualified.

I have a west coast orange

I have a west coast orange bridge to sell you. Believe me, it'd be a steal!

The True Catholic Faith would

The True Catholic Faith would NEVER ban female ordination. However the Patriarchal catholic church would spin yarns for all eternity to smoke and mirror their way to keeping their all male priest exlusivity a going concern.
Hog wash is hog wash. And the Vatican and its ilk have gotten away with it far too long.
Women in America should take their churches to court for sexist descrimination across the board. If Mormans can't have wives because it's against the law then the church can't discriminate because ... it's against the law!

I love that first sentence in

I love that first sentence in your last paragraph. I think too many churches (Roman Catholic included) have gotten the idea that they can control when, where, how, and in whom God can work, although the bible and our history is full of evidence that God's work transcends our ideas of when, where, how, and in whom. How on earth can we possibly be so confident that all women are excluded by God from ordained ministry on the basis of being women? Especially when yesterday we celebrated the feast of St. Mary Magdalene, the first recorded person to see the risen Christ; although she was a woman and now supposedly outside of God's use, Christ did not hide himself from her and she could go on to spread the good news of the resurrection.

A week ago Sunday, I attended

A week ago Sunday, I attended Eucharist at St. Finn Barr in Cork, Ireland. I wasn't sure if it was a Catholic Church, but it seemed exactly the same. I partook, but Bob did not. Too much Brother Rice High School, perhaps.
The lady greeters at the door, welcomed Bob and me so much, and I had forgotten that the Anglicans, which they were, had just allowed women to be bishops. Maybe that was why they were so joyous. Maybe that was why 500 of their priests left to join our Catholic Church. Weird, weird, weird. Hasn't it been 2,000 years since Our Lord told us he had much more to tell us, but we weren't ready for it yet? "How long, oh Lord? How,long?", until we're ready? It seems a lot of us are ready. It's a good thing. Too much Martha Stewart, perhaps.
Didn't everybody just love Bishop Gumbleton's latest The Peace Pulpit column for the gospel, ". . .and Mary was welcomed?" I did.
I also liked how a call for extending the statute of limitations for sex-abuse claims is being made by the curia, as Bishop Gumbleton suggested long ago. Someday Ms. Manson's call for equality will be called for by the curia as well. It's happening now, and I'm not even dead yet. Yeah.

God does work through the

God does work through the body of women....he worked through Mary....and he still works through women, it's just that the Vatican hierarchy doesn't seem to see it. Thanks for this very good article that looks at women issues more globally and beyond the Roman Catholic church. Having spent most of my life in middle and upper middle class parishes on the East Coast, the plight of women in the world rarely came up. Not until I pursued my bachelor degree as a non traditional student at a local Jesuit university in Sociology did I learn about the abortion of female Chinese babies because of the Chinese one child policy. The Chinese tradition of valuing male babies more became very problematic. I see the clerical hierarchical Vatican tradition of the male only priesthood as problematic as that of the Chinese tradition of valuing males. Since change comes to the Roman Catholic Church at less than a snail's pace, and since I don't want to be among all the previous women who have said "not in my life time" I have left the church and am looking for a breakaway group of women who are already ordained.

Another article that

Another article that maintains a sense of coherence yet is still written while Ms. Manson vacations in lala-land.

Let us not forget that the teaching on female "ordination" is infallible -- Pope J.P. II spoke definitively (but not ex cathedra) in 1994 in Ordinatio Sacerdotalis, and the CDF confirmed the infallibility of the doctrine as part of the deposit of faith through the universal and ordinary Magisterium (versus the aforementioned potential instance of Papal infallibility). At least Ms. Manson realizes that the Church is no longer a place that supports heretical and deeply misguided views.

Now, to comment directly on the article.

"the church's statements only reinforce the idea that female bodies are not of equal value in the eyes of God, that they do not hold the same potential to be a sacred vessel of the life of God in our world. "

The Church does believe that, and the fact that the institution of the Church is not capitalized here reflects the fact that it has already been discarded as something not worthwhile, so I don't know why Ms. Manson would bother changing it instead of going someplace where she can feel a sense of vacuous spiritual fulfillment. Furthermore, she is arbitrarily and narrowly defining the role of women (much as she claims the Church does).

"Not only can God not work through the body of a woman, now, it seems, women's bodies actually defile the Eucharist."

What a statement.

Ms. Manson, do you realize that you have literally insulted every woman who is Catholic on this planet, whether she supports attempted female ordination or not? You, here, demonstrate a total lack of respect for faithful female religious and faithful female laity, whether they are involved in ministry in the Church or simply attempt to live a life honoring God.

And nowhere does it state that women's bodies defile the Eucharist. Nowhere. Women's ordination is not a condemnation of women's bodies. That logic is simply false.

"But for those women struggling to worship or work in the Catholic church, these latest norms demonstrate unequivocally a painful truth: The church can be, and often is, a very toxic place for women."

It also can be a wonderfully beneficial place for women in the West, many of whom support the Church's position.

For those reading this post (if there are any), please note the continued lack of capitalization in the institutional Church.

"Why shouldn't Catholic women allow God to act to God's fullest potential in them?"

They do. God's fullest potential is NEVER attempted female priesthood BY DEFINITION of God's fullest potential. If you seriously disagree with this, start attending one of the services offered by the fake women "priests" and stop attending your regular parish.

"I know many liberal Catholics who will occasionally attend Masses led by ordained Catholic women,"

No you don't. Because there is literally no such thing as an ordained Catholic woman. It doesn't exist. It's immaterial. Sort of like the validity of your argument.

"In the Roman Catholic church, they have no status and no potential to work in a church environment that will courageously and creatively supportive their callings to and gifts for ministry"

Lies. I hope that Ms. Manson realizes that the Church not supporting her prolonged bout of psychosis is not the same as the Church violating the sanctity of their bodies or whatever the claim is. It's simply recognizing that men and women are different. The "callings to and gifts for ministry" I see every day, with my mother who supports the Catholic stance yet finds fulfillment as director of liturgy at our parish.

"These communities can begin to model now what may very well be the life-giving future of the church."

It will not be. They will likely die out, much like fad-based Protestant sects (like extreme Pentacostalism, which only lasts one or two generations).

"The Vatican's new norms are only proof that movements that empower women to answer God's call are being perceived as viable threats to an institution desperate not to lose control over people who are too educated and faithful to be controlled."

Hardly. "Too faithful?" To what? To what YOU think is right? To your OWN beliefs? I thought Catholicism was about something greater than ourselves.

I am happy to see advocacy for intellectual honesty -- I hope that people like Ms. Manson live faithfully, which will require them to change their views to at least some degree. But until they do, it is nice to see that they are being true to themselves and leaving the Church in favor of whatever invalid sects they want. At least then they will not seek to undermine the Church anymore.

Your comments are accurate

Your comments are accurate and right on target.

What amazes me is that NOBODY has yet commented on the hyperventilated rhetorical claims at the beginning of this article. If the author REALLY believes that denial of ordination to women can be equated to suttee or sex-selective abortions/medical treatment denial--cases where REAL PEOPLE DIE--then such an author has no claim to be taken seriously.

"Too faithful." An interesting claim in this article: the way to be "faithful" is to enter into outright schism?! Sorry, I did notice all those faithful folks in the Catholic Church: Martin Luther, Jean Calvin, Savanarola, Ulrich Zwingli, et al.

Ordinatio Sacerdotalis

Ordinatio Sacerdotalis asserts that the church lacks the authority to ordain women to the presbyterate/episcopate. However, it is an assertion that has not withstood intellectual scrutiny by historians, theologians, biblical scholars, and others.

Furthermore, the CDF head lacks authority to (in your words) "confirm[] the infallibility of the doctrine as part of the deposit of faith."

JPII merely made an assertion. Ratzinger confirmed only that his boss did not speak "ex cathedra".

In the meantime, the wider Catholic community continues to see valid female ordinations.

I suspect at some point the Church of Rome will do likewise.

"JPII merely made an

"JPII merely made an assertion. Ratzinger confirmed only that his boss did not speak "ex cathedra"."

No, the CDF clarified that the teaching was, in fact, infallible - which does not require an "ex cathedra" pronouncement (of which there has been only one since Vatican I) by the Pope.

It is true that some progressive theologians did not care for it. However, they possess no magisterial authority.

The CDF dubium read as follows:

October 28, 1995

Dubium: Whether the teaching that the Church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women, which is presented in the Apostolic Letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis to be held definitively, is to be understood as belonging to the deposit of faith.

Responsum: In the affirmative.

This teaching requires definitive assent, since, founded on the written Word of God, and from the beginning constantly preserved and applied in the Tradition of the Church, it has been set forth infallibly by the ordinary and universal Magisterium (cf. Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium 25, 2). Thus, in the present circumstances, the Roman Pontiff, exercising his proper office of confirming the brethren (cf. Lk 22:32), has handed on this same teaching by a formal declaration, explicitly stating what is to be held always, everywhere, and by all, as belonging to the deposit of the faith.

The Sovereign Pontiff John Paul II, at the Audience granted to the undersigned Cardinal Prefect, approved this Reply, adopted in the ordinary session of this Congregation, and ordered it to be published.

Rome, from the offices of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, on the Feast of the Apostles SS. Simon and Jude, October 28, 1995.

Joseph Card. Ratzinger
Prefect

Tarcisio Bertone
Archbishop Emeritus of Vercelli

In explaining Ordinatio

In explaining Ordinatio Sacerdotalis, Cardinal Ratzinger issued two statements, namely, the Responsum you've quoted above AND the Letter Concerning the CDF Reply Regarding Ordinatio Sacerdotalis. Both the Responsum and Letter were dated October 28, 1995, and signed by the CDF head.

In the Letter, Ratzinger wrote, "It should be emphasized that the definitive and infallible nature of this teaching of the Church did not arise with the publication of the Letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis....In this case, an act of the ordinary Papal Magisterium, in itself not infallible, witnesses to the infallibility of the teaching of a doctrine already possessed by the Church."
In other words, Ratzinger clarified/confirmed only that his boss did not speak "ex cathedra". Furthermore, even though JPII "approved [the] Reply...and ordered it to be published", the fact is it remains a CDF statement, not a papal one.

In a nutshell, Ratzinger --- with papal approval --- confirmed that Ordinatio Sacerdotalis was a non-infallible papal statement and issued two clarifications that, by definition, are also non-infallible.

It's interesting that Ratzinger, in his Responsum, wrote that the official teaching on women's ordination was "founded on the written Word of God". In fact, the Pontifical Biblical Commission determined years earlier that Sacred Scripture could not be used to support or oppose women's ordination.

Ratzinger also contended that this official teaching "from the beginning [has been] constantly preserved and applied in the Tradition of the Church." In fact, we know that a Catholic bishop in a Communist country ordained several women to the presbyterate in the underground church in order to meet the sacramental and liturgical needs of his people. Furthermore, anybody's use of global language ("from the beginning constantly preserved and applied") invites logical and historical challenge.

In 1995, Francis A. Sullivan, a leading authority on the magisterium and professor emeritus of theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, demonstrated how appeals to long-standing tradition of the past might not suffice as proof that a doctrine has been taught infallibly by the ordinary and universal magisterium (THE TABLET, 23/30 December 1995, p. 1646).

According to Sullivan, "What has to be clearly established is that the tradition has remained constant, and that even today the universal body of Catholic bishops is teaching the same doctrine as definitively to be held."

Sullivan outlined three Vatican documents that suggest the different ways it can be established that a doctrine is taught by the ordinary and universal magisterium, i.e., the mode of infallible teaching relied upon by JPII in this case:

1. Papal consultation with all the world's bishops, as suggested by JPII in his encyclical Evangelium Vitae (March 1995),

2. The universal and constant consensus of Catholic theologians, as suggested by Pius IX in his Tuas Libenter (1863), and

3. Canon 750.1 of the Code of Canon Law (1983), which states that when a doctrine is proposed as divinely revealed by the ordinary and universal magisterium, this is "manifested by the common adherence of Christ's faithful."

"The CDF," wrote Sullivan, "has not invoked any of these criteria in support of its assertion that the doctrine excluding women from the priesthood has been set forth by the ordinary and universal magisterium."

JPII made a mere assertion, and Ratzinger --- in his Responsum and Letter --- put his own assertion on top of his boss's assertion. Assertion + Assertion = Two Assertions.

Are Catholics obliged to accept "the pope's word for it," so to speak?

If we look at canon law, the answer appears to be "Not necessarily":

+ Canon 749.3 states that a teaching proposed as infallible/definitive/etc. must be clearly established as such by the proponent (in other words, the burden is clearly put on the pope or the worldwide body of bishops in union with the pope to make their case),

+ Canon 750.1 (see above).

To date, Rome has not responded to the challenges from theologians, biblical scholars, and other knowledgeable persons. The proverbial "ball" is in the Vatican's court.

"Furthermore, even though

"Furthermore, even though JPII "approved [the] Reply...and ordered it to be published", the fact is it remains a CDF statement, not a papal one."

But your lack of understanding stems from the fact that the response did not need to be a papal one if the original statement was not an issue of papal authority. H.H. was simply stating that it was an infallible doctrine. By your logic of requiring the Pope to speak ex cathedra in order to recognize an infallible teaching of another variety, he will need to invoke infallibility in order to confirm a total separately established infallible doctrine. That is totally idiotic.

The CDF and Pope John Paul II have the authority to state that such and such is a teaching by the universal and ordinary Magisterium because they are the two entities most closely related to it and faith and morals. He does not need to speak ex cathedra on this matter.

"In fact, the Pontifical Biblical Commission determined years earlier that Sacred Scripture could not be used to support or oppose women's ordination. "

Despite the fact that it's Pontifical, it has no more authority than Cardinal Ratzinger to determine what is supported by scripture. Of course, now Benedict XVI has more authority than they, so it is irrelevant.

"In fact, we know that a Catholic bishop in a Communist country ordained several women to the presbyterate in the underground church in order to meet the sacramental and liturgical needs of his people."

But this is irrelevant because they were not validly ordained. Were these ordinations considered valid by the Vatican? If not, then they are certainly not inconsistent with the Cardinal's statement.

""The CDF," wrote Sullivan, "has not invoked any of these criteria in support of its assertion that the doctrine excluding women from the priesthood has been set forth by the ordinary and universal magisterium.""

It doesn't need to. The fact that it is a universal teaching is independent of the proof "required" to support it. For example, I could claim that the Sun is a star; the fact that I have offered no evidence does not change the underlying fact that it is. It is obvious that Pope John Paul II and Benedict XVI believe that they have met the burden of proof. The canon laws should not be taken to mean that anyone who disagrees leads to the conclusion that the burden of proof has not been met. Furthermore, the doctrine declared as infallible need not be supported in that same document -- if documents prior lead to the same conclusion without stating it, they can obviously be used as support.

There's no "lack of

There's no "lack of understanding" on my part.

The late pope tried to do an "end run" around the existing modes of infallible teaching. Hence, the resulting confusion among theologians and others who were trying to determine the weight of his Ordinatio Sacerdotalis. Thus, the Responsum and Letter issued by Cardinal Ratzinger to clarify the nature of his boss's pronouncement. JPII used ordinary teaching to convey what he believed to be an infallible teaching of the ordinary and universal magisterium. Good try on his part --- but no cigar!!!

Regardless of infallible teaching mode used (ex cathedra, conciliar, universal ordinary), the fact remains that the Code of Canon Law rightly puts the burden on the proponent(s) of purportedly infallible teaching to make their case. This is a statutory requirement to protect the faith. It recognizes the sense of the faithful inspired by the Holy Spirit. Yes, the pope is free to speak, but the official definition of infallibility includes the acknowledgement that the pope, in teaching infallibly, does so with that infallibility enjoyed by the whole church, i.e., by all the People of God.

As for the Pontifical Biblical Commission, its members are far better versed in sacred scripture than our recent two popes. JPII was a philosopher, and B16 is a systematic theologian. For authority to be real within this context, the person with formal authority must demonstrate that he has command of a subject. JPII did not display this command in Ordinatio Sacerdotalis. JPII made an assertion not supported by fellow adults who likely could have "run circles" around the pope in their knowledge of scripture. The papal scripture scholars may have lacked *formal* authority, but they demonstrated *expert* authority. Indeed, authority comes in various forms. Basic management texts should include coverage of the different kinds of authority --- if you wish to pursue this topic.

You apparently failed to see the connection between JPII's reliance on the ordinary universal magisterium, on the one hand, and my reference to the women's ordinations in a Communist country, on the other. This 20th-century episode merely demonstrated that not all bishops subscribe to the teaching that only men can be validly ordained to the presbyterate. If all the world's bishops were polled today on the issue of women's ordination, would all of them share JPII's view expressed in Ordinatio Sacerdotalis? I seriously doubt it. Such being the case, the conclusion/teaching in JPII's document would be fallacious, i.e., fallible and erroneous.

If B16 believes the matter has been settled, he is wrong. Canon 749.3 places the burden of proof on him. And that's the law!

"JPII used ordinary teaching

"JPII used ordinary teaching to convey what he believed to be an infallible teaching of the ordinary and universal magisterium."

You're not making sense here -- it seems that you are suggesting that he invoke his own infallibility to establish the teaching of the ordinary and universal Magisterium. This is idiotic for reasons I mentioned earlier.

"Yes, the pope is free to speak, but the official definition of infallibility includes the acknowledgement that the pope, in teaching infallibly, does so with that infallibility enjoyed by the whole church, i.e., by all the People of God."

That is correct. But the sensus fidelium is still not relevant -- the Pope does not need to consult with the People of God before making an ex cathedra pronouncement; neither does the exercise of the universal and ordinary Magisterium. The Pope does not exercise infallibility with the People of God; he exercises it as their shepherd.

"JPII did not display this command in Ordinatio Sacerdotalis. JPII made an assertion not supported by fellow adults who likely could have "run circles" around the pope in their knowledge of scripture. The papal scripture scholars may have lacked *formal* authority, but they demonstrated *expert* authority. Indeed, authority comes in various forms. Basic management texts should include coverage of the different kinds of authority --- if you wish to pursue this topic."

But that's not the issue here because JPII was not establishing the doctrine as one declared ex cathedra. The burden of proof is not on him to show that the teaching is correct; the burden is to demonstrate that the bishops exercised their collegiality in this teaching:

"likewise, when the Bishops, dispersed throughout the world but maintaining the bond of union among themselves and with the successor of Peter, together with the same Roman Pontiff authentically teach matters of faith or morals, and are agreed that a particular teaching is definitively to be held" (Can. 748.2).

In other words, the opinions of the experts are irrelevant in considering whether the teaching is infallible as stated by JPII because the burden is not on him to show the teaching to be correct, but rather to show that the bishops have taught it as such.

"Such being the case, the conclusion/teaching in JPII's document would be fallacious, i.e., fallible and erroneous."

Again, you don't understand the law -- the opinions of the bishops now are irrelevant. If the bishops taught this two hundred years ago, JPII could still make the claim to infallibility. It does not require universal assent among the bishops, nor universal assent during a particular era.

"You're not making sense

"You're not making sense here..."

I am not suggesting that JPII should have used his infallible teaching authority (hey, I'm not the pope!). I trust you agree that JPII used his ordinary teaching authority in promulgating Ordinatio Sacerdotalis. I trust you also agree that JPII contended that it is a teaching of the ordinary and universal magisterium that the church lacks the authority to ordain women to the presbyterate and episcopate.

"[T]he pope does not need to consult with the People of God before making an ex cathedra pronouncement."

I agree.

"[N]either does the exercise of the ordinary and universal Magisterium."

Strictly speaking, I agree. Practically speaking, local bishops get input --- wanted or unwanted --- all the time from members of their local churches. The impact of any such input? God only knows!

"But the sensus fidelium is still not relevant."

Canons 212.2, 212.3, 749.3, and 750.1 would suggest otherwise.

"JPII was not establishing the doctrine as one declared ex cathedra."

I agree.

"[T]he burden is to demonstrate that the bishops exercised their collegiality in this teaching."

Whose burden? (Hint: See canon 749.3.)

"[T]he opinions of the experts are irrelevant in considering whether the teaching is infallible as stated by JPII because the burden is not on him to show the teaching to be correct, but rather to show that the bishops have taught it as such."

Who bears the burden to show that the bishops have taught it (i.e., lack of authority to ordain women) as such?

If the opinions of experts are irrelevant, why have a Pontifical Biblical Commission, Catholic theological societies, Catholic institutions of higher learning, etc.?

"Again, you don't understand the law..."

Again, you display ignorance of the subject matter.

"I trust you also agree that

"I trust you also agree that JPII contended that it is a teaching of the ordinary and universal magisterium that the church lacks the authority to ordain women to the presbyterate and episcopate."

That's not a point on which anyone can legitimately disagree -- the wording of OS follows the wording of canon law in reference to teaching of the o. and u. Magisterium, and he ordered the publication of the Responsum.

"Canons 212.2, 212.3, 749.3, and 750.1 would suggest otherwise."

No, they don't. They're not relevant to infallibility. Show me where Canon Law requires consultation of the faithful in the manner of the sensus fidelium. You can't, because it's not there. The Canon Laws you mentioned are much more broad than that, and don't apply specifically to infallible teachings.

"Whose burden? (Hint: See canon 749.3.)"

The burden is on any one of the bishops -- if a bishop established that the collegiality was agreed on this teaching, the H.H. need not rehash the argument.

"Again, you display ignorance of the subject matter."

Again, no, it is you.

The cited canons are quite

The cited canons are quite relevant to the issue of purportedly infallible teaching.

Does canon law *require* consultation with the faithful?

I don't know, but the sense of the faith enjoyed by all the faithful does get back to the pope and his bishops both formally and informally. The hierarchs are not ignorant of input from the rest of us. There is a continuous feedback loop involving hierarchs and the rest of the People of God.

In reply to my question "Whose burden?", your answer makes no sense.

If a pope makes an "ex cathedra" pronouncement, he must be prepared to address any challenges presented by knowledgeable persons (theologians, biblical scholars, historians, etc.). Likewise, if a pope --- JPII, for example --- asserts that a teaching has always been taught by the ordinary and universal magisterium. Canon 749.3 imposes such a requirement on the official teachers: No teaching may be considered infallible unless it is clearly established as such!

"The cited canons are quite

"The cited canons are quite relevant to the issue of purportedly infallible teaching."

Then it is not my understanding of Canon Law that needs to be developed.

"Does canon law *require* consultation with the faithful?"

No. It does not. Reading the Codex is more than enough to state that definitively. If a procedure is not in the Codex, it is not required.

"Likewise, if a pope --- JPII, for example --- asserts that a teaching has always been taught by the ordinary and universal magisterium. Canon 749.3 imposes such a requirement on the official teachers: No teaching may be considered infallible unless it is clearly established as such!"

I agree. But in the case of OS, the burden is not to demonstrate that the teaching is valid (at least at first), but that it has actually been taught by the universal and ordinary Magisterium in the appropriate manner.

JPII wrote that his fellow

JPII wrote that his fellow bishops, while dispersed around the world but united in communion with the pope, have constantly preserved and applied the teaching that the Church has no authority to ordain women to the presbyterate and episcopate.

Critics, citing canon 749.3, have challenged JPII's view that this teaching has been taught by the ordinary and universal magisterium. They have also challenged his view that sacred scripture supports this teaching.

Who is qualified under canon law to rise up to this challenge, to respond to the critics?

The pope, for one. I suppose, as an alternative, a bishop --- on behalf of the pope --- could query all his fellow bishops dispersed around the world to gauge their thinking on the matter and whether they also believe it merits the weight of infallible teaching.

To date, neither pope nor anyone on his behalf has risen to the required task. The content of the teaching remains suspect, and there is no evidence that the ordinary and universal magisterium has taught what JPII contended in O.S.

"The pope, for one. I

"The pope, for one. I suppose, as an alternative, a bishop --- on behalf of the pope --- could query all his fellow bishops dispersed around the world to gauge their thinking on the matter and whether they also believe it merits the weight of infallible teaching."

Again, the Pope need do nothing! He is not the only one capable of making such a pronouncement. Furthermore, one could ignore OS altogether and still reach the same conclusion.

"The content of the teaching remains suspect, and there is no evidence that the ordinary and universal magisterium has taught what JPII contended in O.S."

To some. "Suspect content" is so subjective as to be almost meaningless except in cases where it obviously contradicts other tenets of the faith.

"Again, the Pope need do

"Again, the Pope need do nothing!"

True.

"He is not the only one capable of making such a pronouncement."

True. Your local bishop could say the same thing, i.e., that the ordinary and universal magisterium has always taught that the Church lacks the authority to ordain women to the presbyterate and episcopate. A high school religion teacher could do the same thing. Heck, even you can say it!

As it stands, however, it *was* the pope who made the pronouncement. As an official teacher of the Church, JPII made a written declaration, and, under canon 749.3, knowledgeable critics challenged his assertion that this doctrine has been constantly preserved and applied by the ordinary and universal magisterium. They also challenged his inaccurate reliance on sacred scripture.

"Furthermore, one could ignore OS altogether and still reach the same conclusion."

True, but he'd be wrong in his conclusion. Furthermore, if he were not an official teacher of the Church, his pronouncement would carry no magisterial weight. Hey, everyone's entitled to an opinion and the right to express it!

"'Suspect content' is so subjective as to be almost meaningless..."

In this case, the content of Ordinatio Sacerdotalis is, indeed, considered not just suspect but downright erroneous by knowledgeable theologians, historians, biblical scholars, and others similarly qualified. Furthermore, these scholars have presented detailed and extensive rebuttals to assertions by JPII and Ratzinger. Their objections to the content and conclusion in Ordinatio Sacerdotalis are anything but "meaningless" in light of the canonical/conciliar requirement that the pope and/or the world body of bishops make their case on a magisterial teaching (canon 749.3). To date, neither the pope nor the ordinary and universal magisterium has risen to the challenge.

Ball's in their court.

And to repeat what I've mentioned elsewhere on this blogsite, the issue of women's ordination is not tied in directly or indirectly with the deposit of faith. The Lord's message of our salvation does not depend on its proclamation by a specific (read: male) gender.

"As an official teacher of

"As an official teacher of the Church, JPII made a written declaration, and, under canon 749.3, knowledgeable critics challenged his assertion that this doctrine has been constantly preserved and applied by the ordinary and universal magisterium. They also challenged his inaccurate reliance on sacred scripture."

In your opinion inaccurate -- Biblical support can be found for most things if interpreted in a particular manner. I hope you are not claiming that you know the correct and incorrect intricacies of Biblical scholarship. It is not a book -- it is Sacred Word.

Finally, he is not the only one who can fulfill the requirements of 749.3. He could, but did not, state "H.E. Such-and-such explained how this is such a teaching in Such-and-such Document" and that would be sufficient evidence. It is not a proclamation of an infallible doctrine; it is a statement describing a state. He doesn't even need ANY justification if someone else has provided it.

"True, but he'd be wrong in his conclusion. Furthermore, if he were not an official teacher of the Church, his pronouncement would carry no magisterial weight. Hey, everyone's entitled to an opinion and the right to express it!"

Just as you have the right to express your incorrect ones. And the Magisterial weight in this case doesn't relate to the person who makes the statement, although it makes sense for the episcopate to do so.

"In this case, the content of Ordinatio Sacerdotalis is, indeed, considered not just suspect but downright erroneous by knowledgeable theologians, historians, biblical scholars, and others similarly qualified."

Knowledgeable theologians, historians, biblical scholars, and others similarly qualified also believe the teaching presented in Ordinatio Sacerdotalis is in no way suspect or erroneous. Dissent is not reason enough to doubt content. The fact that some learned disagree is not reason enough to doubt content.

"And to repeat what I've mentioned elsewhere on this blogsite, the issue of women's ordination is not tied in directly or indirectly with the deposit of faith. The Lord's message of our salvation does not depend on its proclamation by a specific (read: male) gender."

If it is infallible, then it is by definition tied in with the deposit of faith.

The Lord's message of our salvation is tied to Magisterial teaching.

CLARIFICATION: I am actually

CLARIFICATION: I am actually not even sure if a bishop is required to present the evidence for infallible teaching of the universal and ordinary Magisterium. I could not find restrictions on who can authoritatively proclaim such teachings, but confining it to the episcopate makes sense.

If a local bishop asserts

If a local bishop asserts that O.S. reflects the teaching of the ordinary and universal magisterium, he will enjoy no credibility among its critics. The ultimate official burden on the claim of infallibility rests with the pope and/or the world's body of bishops united with the pope. They must convince the critics (under canon 749.3) regarding both *content* and *universality of teaching*.

To date, the proverbial ball's in their court.

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